Why did the authorities start using transportation as a punishment in the 1660’s and stop using it in 1868?

Since the 1660s, the British presidency had been relieveding Britain of rebels and criminals they no monthlong wanted in the surface area. This regularity of punishment was typically k flatn as dose. This involved sending the gyps to another country to commit hard mash and to live in deserved difficult conditions. Since the 1660s, the chief(prenominal) transportation reparation from Britain was to the American colonies. However, when the American colonies had won their independence, transportation to in that location stopped suddenly.This created flurry for British convicts, as they desperately compulsory a new prepare to put the criminals their prisons and hulks were becoming too overcrowded. Australia was then chosen as the main settlement because it at that time had recently been discovered (1770) so it would be deserted and available for labour. One of the causes why regimen started using transportation as a punishment was to provide an alternative to temporary r emoval. Whilst the Bloody principle was present as the law, the majority of the public believed that hanging was too extreme, especially for shaver iniquitys.They felt that having the same cruel punishment for a minor and major crime was a ridiculous rule. Juries would often not convict people and judges would find excuses not to hang people. As hanging was out of the question, another punishment that was not as cruel as the death penalty needed to be made transportation macrocosm a suitable consequence for criminals and rebels as it still acted as a punishment because of the labour, and it didnt have the intention of killing people.During the 1660s, there were very few prisons and building new ones would cost authorities a lot. This besides created another reason for transportation to become a new punishment, as it would give criminals a place to stay that wouldnt cost the British authorities. Another reason why transportation started was because it was a satisfactory method to reform the criminals thought better than prisons. The criminals would learn skills from the forced work that would usefulness their future as a person.This reason was the least important reason behind transportation further it still worked upon the criminals. These criminals were thought to lead observant lives after their release than criminals from prison. Transportation was a good deterrent as Australia was still an unk right awayn country. The government hoped that the idea of world sent to the saltation of the world would terrify people and therefore put them off from intermission the law. move criminals off to Australia was besides a way to get rid of criminals in Britain.This would reduce the crime rate and the number of criminals in the country. Sending British criminals off to Australia also helped the settlement and development of Australia as disperse of the British Empire. Transportation helped Britain to claim Australia for their empire. This would stop Franc e and other rivals gaining whatever resources Australia had. From the 1800s onwards, transportation started to lose it usefulness it once had. One reason organism the Gaols Act in 1823 led by pip-squeak and Peel.This movement led prisons become more suitable places as they were meliorate by better treatment of criminals and better living conditions. This gave the opportunity of criminals from now on being sent to prison instead of Australia as there were myriad reasons why transportation was becoming an issue. One reason being that the transport was costing ?0. 5 million per year and seeing as there were more prisons built, it cost them less money so guardianship the criminals in the country was saving the authorities funds.Also, many of the ex-convicts reformed and were now living peacefully and finding work in Australia. The free settlers in Australia started to set up societies within Australia protesting against Britain dumping convicts in their country. Wages were also highe r in Australia than in Britain once a prisoner had won their ticket of leave. By the 1860s, Australia was well established as a honorable part of the British Empire so they no longer needed to make their claim over it as no other country would be able to.Overall, transportation started because of the many factors that lead the British authorities to sought out another punishment that was still effective but not as harsh as the death penalty. Factors such as hanging being too harsh, a new form of a deterrent and reformation for criminals. Also to claim the newly discovered land, Australia, for the British Empire. Whereas, transportation was seized because of Australia becoming more and more developed, it was not lowering the crime rates in Britain and prisons became more useful to use because it was cheaper for the British government and they were under more control.