Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

Known for: French princess whose birth was a disappointment to parents who wanted a son to inherit the French throne Occupation: Countess of Champagne, regent for her husband and then for her son Dates: 1145 - March 11, 1198 Confusion with Marie de France, Poet Sometimes confused with Marie de France, Mary of France, a medieval poet of England in the 12th century whose Lais of Marie de France survive along with a translation of Aesops Fables into the English of the time -- and perhaps others works. About Marie of France, Countess of Champagne Marie was born to Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France. That marriage was already shaky when Eleanor gave birth to a second daughter, Alix, in 1151, and the pair realized that they were not likely to have a son. Salic Law was interpreted to mean that a daughter or daughters husband could not inherit the crown of France. Eleanor and Louis had their marriage annulled in 1152, Eleanor left first for Aquitaine and then married the heir to Englands crown, Henry Fitzempress. Alix and Marie were left in France with their father and, later, stepmothers. Marriage In 1160, when Louis married his third wife, Adà ¨le of Champagne, Louis betrothed his daughters Alix and Marie to brothers of his new wife. Marie and Henry, Count of Champagne, were married in 1164. Henry went to fight in the Holy Land, leaving Marie as his regent. While Henry was away, Maries half-brother, Philip, succeeded their father as king, and seized the dower lands of his mother, Adà ¨le of Champagne, who was also Maries sister-iin-law. Marie and others joined Adà ¨le in opposing Philips action; by the time Henry returned from the Holy Land, Marie and Philip had settled their conflict. Widowhood When Henry died in 1181, Marie served as regent for their son, Henry II, until 1187. When Henry II went to the Holy Land to fight in a crusade, Marie again served as regent. Henry died in 1197, and Maries younger son Theobold succeeded him. Marie entered a convent and died in 1198. Courts of Love Marie may have been a patron of Andrà © le Chapelain (Andreas Capellanus), author of one of the works on courtly love, as a chaplain who served Marie was named Andreas (and Chapelain or Capellanus means chaplain). In the book, he attributes judgments to Marie and to her mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, among others. Some sources accept the claim that the book, De Amore and known in English as The Art of Courtly Love, was written at the request of Marie. There is no solid historical evidence that Marie of France -- with or without her mother -- presided at courts of love in France, though some writers have made that claim. Also known as:  Marie Capet; Marie de France; Marie, Countess of Champagne Background, Family: Mother:  Eleanor of AquitaineFather:  Louis VII of France  Stepmothers:  Constance of Castile, then Adà ¨le of ChampagneFull siblings: sister  Alix, Countess  of Blois; half siblings (father Louis VII): Marguerite of France, Alys of France, Philip II of France, Agnes of France. She also had half-siblings from her mothers second marriage, but theres not much evidence she interacted with them. Marriage, Children: husband: Henry I, Count of Champagne (married 1164)children:Scholastique of Champagne, married to William V of MaconHenry II of Champagne, 1166-1197Marie of Champagne, married to Baldwin I of ConstantinopleTheobald III of Champagne, 1179-1201

Marxism Of The Cold War And The Triumph Of Capitalism

Marxism has found great appeal as a political thought for several class-based revolution and have been the theoretical basis for the policies and politics of several regimes across the world. However, most governments and rulers have interpreted the political writings of Marx in their own way and consequently; several of the policies of these so-called Marxist states are often dramatically different and conflicting from the basis of Marxism. Since the end of the Cold War and the triumph of capitalism, it became commonplace to assume that the ideas of Marx could be safely consigned to the dustbin of history. They needed an alternative to capitalism after the failed experiment of the Soviet Union, and after two decades of this, there appears to be a renaissance. Marx theories were seen excessively concerned with the role of economics in determining all aspects of social and political relations, as well as excessively pessimistic, offering few means of genuine escape from the capitalist system. The basic tenet of Marxism is that the world is divided not into politically determined nations but into economically determined by classes. Consequently, politics does not supersede economics, but rather economics trumps politics. The various Marxist theories of international relations agree that the international state system was constructed by capitalists and therefore serves the interests of wealthy states and corporations, which seek to protect and expand their wealth. TheShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Its Impact On Society1306 Words   |  6 Pagesone of Capitalism. Under this economic and political system, there is a private ownership of production and consumption, as well as a free market for goods and services. 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The Plant Closure Essay Sample free essay sample

To the employees and staff of the Normal Plant: Good twenty-four hours! During the last three old ages of our company’s operation. our net incomes and stock lists have increased to a important degree that we are now able to prolong our long-run production procedure that will advance the stableness for our company’s standing. However. it has been decided by our company’s board of executive and investors to implement an attack that will expeditiously maximise our usage of resources and investings for our production rhythm. Therefore. upon the receival of this notice until the following six months. our company’s works operations will be consolidated in one production installation viz. the freshly operational works in Moline. This consolidation attack is an effort to better our company’s plus direction and production quality by taking advantage of the promotion of our newest production installation. Consolidation all of our production procedure in the extremely advanced and technological progress installations in the said works is expected to upgrade our merchandise quality and the efficiency of our procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on The Plant Closure Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other operations peculiarly in Normal Plant is determined to be extremely expensive for the company therefore must be sacrificed to accomplish our end of production development. With the blessing of the consolidation procedure. the operations of Normal Plant will get down to be phased out reassigning most of its production to the Moline Plant. In this facet. many of the workers and employees of the said works will be given chance to reassign to the Moline Plant nevertheless. non all. The employee and worker transportation to the Moline Plant will be subjected to testing and rating O.K.ing merely forces with competent work records with our company. Details pertinent to this affair will be given over the following few months on an single footing. For employees that will non be transferred in the consolidation. hebdomad rupture wage will be given based on the continuance of the service of the person to the company. Details sing this calculation will be given over the following few months but non subsequently than the works closing. For farther notice and informations sing this affair. the direction will posts updates over the undermentioned hebdomads. The procedure of reassigning employees will be initiated get downing the following hebdomad together with the execution of the six-month consolidation process. Thank you really much for your cooperation. Respectfully! Bibliography Sarada. M. ( 2006 ) .The Complete usher to Functional Writing in English. Sterling Publishers Ltd. New Delhi. ISBN: 81-207-2923-4. Harvard Business Essentials ( 2003 ) .Business Communication. Harvard Business School Press. USA. ISBN-10: 159139113X.

Ms Word 2010 free essay sample

REFERENCE TAB: In this article we will show you how to create a reference list using Word 2010. We will also show you how to share you reference with your peers and how to create your own customized reference style. Creating References Microsoft Reference function is accessible from the reference tab. Word 2010 comes with a list of default referencing style. Choose the referencing style that you want to use. Click on the ‘Insert Citation’ button to open the add citation window. Word 2010 allow us to add different source type such as ‘Journal Article’ for our essay. Click on the insert citation button to view a list of your citation and click any of them to create an inline citation in your essay. You can create a bibliography page by clicking on the ‘Bibliography’ button. Sharing Your Reference List Microsoft Word 2010 save your references under %APPDATA%MicrosoftBibliographySources. xml. Open your command line and type echo %APPDATA%. We will write a custom essay sample on Ms Word 2010 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will show you where windows store your APPDATA. In my case Microsoft Word 2010 store my reference list under C:UserszainulAppDataRoamingMicrosoftBibliographySources. xml. Remember that this file will not exist unless you create a reference list. You can copy this XML file to use your references in different computers. You can also copy other references into this XML file. We advise that you should back up Source. xml file periodically so you will not loose your reference list. To merge other references into your reference list just copy any entry inside the b:source into the other Source. xml file. Just make sure that the b:Tag contains a unique value. Creating Custom Reference Style We can create our own referencing style by creating custom XSL files under ‘C:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeOffice14BibliographyStyle’. For those with exceptional XSL skills you can read  Microsoft Word 2010 blog  to learn how to create custom referencing style. One of the challenge in creating our own XSL file for Microsoft word is that the XSL file itself is quite complicated and it might just be more productive to download a set of custom reference style from  bibword  and place the content of the zip file under ‘C:Program FilesMicrosoft OfficeOffice14BibliographyStyle’ and restart your Microsoft Word. You should see some new reference style from your Word 2010. MAILINGS TAB: Word 2010  includes  Mail Merge  feature, which enables user to create documents (Letter, Emails, Fax etc) that are essentially the same but contains unique elements such as recipient Name, Address, Contact No, City, State, etc. It helps user to create a document for multiple recipients more easily by just selecting recipient names and choosing the document. Personal details of the respective recipient will be automatically added in the document which prevents users to write each recipient’s personal info in every document, eventually saving a lot of time. This post will cover how to use this feature through a simple wizard. Launch Word 2010, navigate to  Mailings  tab, and from  Start  Mail  Merge  options, click  Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard. This will bring up  Mail Merge  dialog at the side of the Word document window, here you can specify type of document you want to create, we will select  Letters,  click  Next:Starting document  from the bottom of the dialog. In this step, you will be provided with different options to create Letters, we will choose simple procedure by selecting by template. Click  Select template. This will bring up  Select template  dialog, choose a suitable template. We will be using  Median Lettertemplate. Click  OK  to continue. At the left side of the window you can see the template is imported into document, from right-pane, clickNext: Select recipients. In this step, you can choose different options to import  recipient  list, we will select an existing list, hit Browse to import desired recipients list. We will be using recipients list created in  Excel 2010. The name of the worksheet is  Mail, which we will import in to Word  Mail Merge. Choose an Excel worksheet, click  Open  to import. Select Table  dialog will appear, now choose the worksheet which contains required data, if first row contains column headings, then enable  First row of data contains column headers  option, and click  OK. You will see the  Mail  worksheet in the  Mail Merge Recipients  dialog. Here you can filter down the recipients on the basis of column headings. If we want to send letters to the recipients living in city  Akron. We will select Akron from  City  drop-down options. Upon click, it will show only the recipients living in Akron. Here you can also perform different actions over the list such as;  Sort, Filter, Find duplicates, Find recipients,  and  validate address. Click  OK  to proceed further. Now navigate to  Mailings  tab, and click  Address  Block. You will reach  Insert Address Block  dialog, from  Specify address elements,  choose format in which you want to show recipient name. Under  Preview  you can see the preview of the changes that affects. UnderCorrect problems, click Match Fields  to insert new field in the letter, as we want to include address of the recipient. Match Fields dialog will appear, now from  Address 1  options select Street. That will include the name of the street. You can also include other fields if required. Click  OK  to continue. You will see the address is added in to the format as shown the screenshot below. Click  OK  to continue. Now we will customize the greeting message, for that navigate to  Mailings  tab, and click  Greeting Line. In  Insert Greeting Line  dialog, you can choose desired greeting format from  Greeting Line format. UnderGreeting line for invalid recipient names  choose the format for unknown recipients. Under Preview, it show the preview of of the changes you made. Click  OK  to continue. Now to make  AddressBlock  more prominent, navigate to  Home  and apply color and font styles over it. Navigate to  Mailings  tab, and from  Finish Merge  menu, click  Edit Individual Documents. It will bring  Merge to  New  Document  dialog, you can choose  Current record,  we will select  All  to view all the recipients. Click  OK  to show the letter of each recipient. Now as you can see in the screenshot below, Mail Merge created letters of each recipients residing in city Akron with their respective street names.