The weak are forced to create alternative realities Essay

The brain is a crucible: a melting pot of intersecting ingredients that forges a reality that is deceptively the same, but often vastly different for each individual. That reality is a construct is a fashionable term these days; it means that we tend to see reality from a particular frame of reference. There is always a context, whether it be political, social or cultural. For those who are unable to construct a satisfactory reality, it is then that they are forced to create an alternative reality, perhaps that fulfils their dreams and meets their views and values. In the words of cognitive neuropsychologist Kaspar Meyer, â€Å"what is now clear is that the brain is not a stimulus-driven robot that directly translates the outer world into a conscious experience. What we’re conscious of is what the brain makes us be conscious of, and in the absence of incoming signals, bits of memories tucked away can be enough for a brain to get started with†. Reality for each individual differs according to their past experiences and memories, as well as what they choose to perceive to be true. Those with weaker frames of minds – such as individuals suffering from mental disorders, or solely living under delusion – tend to create alternative realities in order to escape the harsh truth. Consider the materialism of the post-war United States. Motivated by prosperity and wealth, all Americans were expected to achieve the profound ‘American Dream’, of which Arthur Miller critiques throughout his play ‘Death of a Salesman’. The play’s lead character Willy Loman struggles to face the true reality, but instead, chooses to believe he is leading the life he had always dreamt of. Willy believes himself to be the best salesman of his company, claiming he is â€Å"well liked† by all, and â€Å"vital in New England†, when in fact, his true reality proves to be quite the opposite. Willy struggles to pay his mortgage, as well as fails to support and provide for his family. Despite his favourite son Biff finding the words to call him out to be what he truly is – â€Å"(a) fake†¦ (a) big phoney fake† and â€Å"a dime a dozen†, Willy remains ignorant towards the truth. Willy’s alternative reality provides him with the motivation to continue his life, despite the loss of his job and loss of  respect from Biff. Alternative realities provide temporary relief from the harsh truth of reality, which is sometimes necessary for those who are considered mentally weak. It is often easier to support the alternative realities created by the mentally weak. Due to their mental state, disregarding what they believe to be true can carry several consequences. In ‘Death of a Salesman’, Willy’s wife Linda remains supportive throughout her husband’s delusion. He claims she is his â€Å"foundation (and) support†, which is simply conforming to the expected role of a 1950’s housewife. Another example includes the 2010 movie directed by Martin Scrosese titled ‘Shutter Island’, which clearly highlights the importance of accepting the alternative realities created by the mentally weak. The film’s protagonist Teddy Daniels believes himself to be a U.S marshal assigned to investigate the disappearance of a patient from Boston’s Shutter Island mental institution. However, in true fact, Teddy is actually Andrew Laeddis, one of the institution’s most dangerous patients they have because of his delusions and his violence towards the staff and the other patients. Andrew (or Teddy’s) delusion created an alternative reality in which he was able to escape the truth about his murderous past. In order to support his alternative reality, the staff at the institution developed a scenario in which Andrew was able to live out his delusion, therefore preventing the otherwise dangerous psychological effects of his true nature. If Andrew was in fact exposed to his true reality rather than living as his alter ego, he may have not been able to survive, hence proving the importance of supporting a mentally weak individual’s alternative reality. Alternative realities may not always be negative. In these cases, the alternative reality protects the individual from harm or negative attention due exposing their true self. Consider the death of Whitney Houston, or the even more recent Robin Williams. Despite their true reality consisting of depression and substance abuse, these two renowned celebrities developed and maintained an alternative reality to allow others to portray them as role models and successful artists. In the case of Robin Williams, his severe  depression led to his suicide. As a comedian and successful actor, Williams was perceived by the majority to be a motivated happy man. In true fact, despite working to ensure other people were laughing, he was diagnosed with severe depression, to the point where he eventually took his own life. Robin William’s alternative reality forced others to see him as he was not, but without the negative attention of showing who he really was. In Whitney Houston’s case, despite her perception as an iconic successful singer, her alternative reality consisted of a cocaine addiction to the point where she drowned in a hotel bathtub. Following their deaths, the public was finally made aware of who they truly were, regardless of what we had previously perceived them to be. Alternative realities such as these can be crucial to ensure happiness and satisfaction for the individual, without highlighting their true selves to the world. Those who are mentally weak tend to create alternative realities in order to avoid their true selves. Whether they are living within a delusion – such as Willy Loman – or suffering from a mental condition – such as Andrew Laeddis, (otherwise known as Teddy), alternative realities may be beneficial for the individual, however difficult for others to accept. Due to individual differences in realities due to social, emotional, cultural and political factors, each person must construct a reality that is most suitable for their views and values, even if that results in alternative realities being created. In the words of author Mignon McLaughlin, â€Å"a critic can only review the book he has read, not the one in which the author wrote†, and therefore we cannot judge an individual’s choice of reality or alternative realities without experiencing it ourselves first hand.

Psychoanalytic Case Study of Preston Essay

Preston was concerned over his aggressive behavior towards other males in and outside of the home. He had frequent altercations with his brother, both of whom lived with their parents. Preston was adopted at a very young age. This was a major cause of his recent issues. He feared that his emotions would progressively get worse, and that something detrimental would happen. In accordance with psychoanalysis, Preston was allowed to explore these issues through free association. Preston was shown that his subconscious had been concealing issues related to his early adoption. Preston was shown constructive ways to deal with these issues. Preston continues to make progress in this area, and is exhibiting less signs of his previous issues. Psychoanalytic Case Study of: Preston A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan The individual in this case study presents a multitude of symptoms that are affecting his daily life. The individual has many factors from his childhood that would contribute to these issues. This study goes to show how the subject’s childhood has a direct relationship to the issues that he is currently experiencing. The identification of these issues is necessary in order for treatment to be successfully implemented. Presenting Concerns Preston presents himself as suffering from multiple issues that affect his daily life. He claims to have issues with forming any relationships with other males. He states that he is overtly competitive when dealing with these other males. His biggest issues arise when dealing with his brother. Preston was adopted at a very young age, and has always had issues getting along with this brother. This aggression has moved from just dealing with his brother to all males in general. There have been instances where the police have been involved in altercations that Preston has had at home. He fears that this will continue until he is arrested outside of the home. Preston still lives with both of his adopted parents and his brother. Preston has stated that he is constantly vying for his parents’ attention, and his aggression increases whenever someone else is monopolizing their time. He does not feel that he will always become violent, but that his anxiety is constantly increasing in situations such as this. He is afraid that his frustration and need to outdo others will end very negatively. Case Conceptualization It appears that one of Preston’s main issues is that of Displacement. According to Murdock (2013), this occurs when a subject shows anger towards someone who is less dangerous than the real cause of an issue (p. 40). Preston shows that he has issues in dealing with the fact that he still lives at home with his parents. He verbally abuses those that he sees as â€Å"better† than him. Preston does not wish to abuse himself over this issue. So, he abuses others that he believes will accept the abuse. He seems to blame others for whatever failings he has in life. He takes his frustrations out on whoever is the most convenient to him. This involves rage towards his brother, as well as friends of his parents. The fact that Preston was adopted as such an early age raises the issue of attachment bonds as well. It appears that Preston may have become overly attached to his adopted parents. Much of this may have to do with the way that they raised him. His parents were very protective, and would cater to his every need. This seems to have created a kind of subconscious reliance on his parents, and the need for their constant approval. This leads to the constant need for their attention as well as the need to outdo peers. The aggressiveness towards peers does not seem to have started until Preston was old enough to identify that was adopted. He seemed to be displacing fear that his current parents would abandon him onto others. This is the main subconscious issue that is affecting Preston. His fear of abandonment has caused him to irrationally fear any force outside of his parental relationship, including his brother. This affects his appraisal tendency, which is the way his brain perceives threats and relates to his aggression and depression (Gilbert, 2007, p. 47). This is the disconnect that is causing most of Preston’s issues. He feels threats that just are not there. He remains living with his parents, constantly vigilant of anyone that will take them away from him, including his brother. This has manifested itself in a sort of hyper-masculinity. Preston’s ego identifies no other way to express these abandonment issues other than with aggressiveness. Also, the fact that Preston’s aggression has continued to increase could be directly correlated with his parents aging. Perhaps he fears that not only could people take his parents away, but the fear that death is closing in on them. This could also be manifesting itself in Preston’s fear and frustration. Treatment Plan Goals for Counseling The goal for psychoanalytic therapy is to get Preston in touch with his subconscious. This serves to identify the root causes of his present issues. Preston will need to identify specific defense mechanisms that he created in childhood. The material that has shifted from the subconscious to the conscious will need to be readily identified (Murdock, 2013, p. 37). Once these mechanisms and thoughts are out in the open, it will be easier to discuss them and change present behavior. Interventions The fundamental intervention to employ with Preston will be â€Å"free association†. According to Murdock (2013), free association encourages the client to reveal whatever he is thinking even if it seems irrelevant or offensive (p. 49). This will be particularly helpful for Preston, and can reveal what his thought process is when he has these aggressive bouts. It seems that Preston has not been totally honest with himself. Free association can help him to bring out deep-rooted ideas for analysis and discussion. This intervention can provide logic and reason to the seemingly illogical thoughts he is experiencing. Establishing the Relationship I realized that Preston had issues in dealing with other males. I asked him if he would feel more comfortable dealing with a female counselor. He indicated that he did not react the same way to me as with other males. He stated that he realized that my sole purpose was to help him with his issues, and this made him not feel anxious or aggressive. I relayed that I was glad this was the case, but that I needed to be immediately notified if these sentiments changed. Whenever I felt that Preston was actually getting anxious or aggressive, I made him aware. I explained to him that he was projecting these feelings onto me, and that it was harmful to the counselor/client relationship. He quickly calmed down, and apologized. He seemed to genuinely understand my concern for his well-being. Analysis of Transference The occasions that Preston did display anxiousness/aggressiveness, he did seem to understand that he was doing so after it was brought to his attention. He realized that I was not causing his issues, and I attempted to apply this to his other personal relationships. We would analyze why he was feeling this way, and how it related to his childhood and parents. He came to the conclusion that if he did not get these feelings under control in session, then he was never going to get them under control outside of it. Insight Preston came to realize that he had subconscious issues regarding his adoption as a child. He understood that he was so shocked by learning he was adopted that he was afraid it was going to happen again. He learned that he was very afraid of losing his parents. He acknowledged that his aggressive outbursts were not about the people he was dealing with, but about his fear that his parents would somehow like them better and abandon him. Preston identified that this is not considered normal behavior for someone his age. He picked up various calming techniques, and needed to constantly remind himself that the issue was him, not others. I was able to assist Preston in identifying the root causes of different scenarios and emotions that he discussed. His visible anxiety and aggression seemed to be kept to a minimum. With his understanding of why he was experiencing these emotions, Preston seemed to be doing better in his daily life. He reports being able to hold a discussion with other males without feeling the need to be dominant. He has also taken steps in explaining his fears and issues with his parents. Conclusions The next main milestone for Preston will be to find a home of his own. This will take time and adjustment, but will be a great leap forward. Also, he is noticing some of the same issues he is dealing with in his brother. Hopefully, Preston can persuade his brother to seek the same sort of help that he has received. This will have to be gradual so as to not induce any sort of separation anxiety. However, if Preston continues with treatment and making positive choices, then he will be continuing on the path to recovery.

Delights Nursing Care Home Essay

Here is an induction document explaining any risks or hazards that could potentially result in residents, visitors, and staff being harmed or abused within the nursing home. Physical Within the care home there will be some residents and visitors that may require to use a wheelchair or walking frame, this means that hallways can become very crowded and doorways can be awkward to get through. As well as physically disabled people, people with visual or hearing impairments can equally be at risk as if the hallways are blocked and a visually impaired resident has no knowledge of this it could lead them to be confused and potentially end up falling. A hearing impaired resident may not be able to hear if there is an emergency meaning that people have to leave the building quickly this could fault in them being pushed over or them bumping into objects. Hallways should be widened for easy wheelchair access and should be kept clear of furniture and objects making it efficient for all residents. If there is object restricting the residents to move and there was an emergency that requires first aid or a member of staff to assist they would be slowed down in attempt to help them. This is why staff, residents and visitors should be able to move freely, for both comfort and easy. Equipment The Care Homes equipment (hoists, lifting equipment) are stored on the second floor next to the fire exit. This could be a serious risk as if their was to be an accident requiring the residents to evacuate the building quickly this is unlikely to happen as staff would have to go up stairs and possible bring equipment down for the residents. Also if equipment is not sided properly this means that it could be blocking the fire exit meaning no one can exit the building as quickly as possible. The bedrooms are located on two different floors meaning some residents can access the kitchen which is located on the ground floor, this could potentially lead to appliances being turned on accidentally if a resident gets confused or falls switching them on, if a member of staff is not present. Infections With the Care Home looking after many residents infections can spread quite easily, the staff will have to make sure that they put in place any rules to stop infections from spreading. For example; all dirty laundry should be taken straight to the laundry room be washed, all infected wasted should be disposed of correctly by a member of staff, any medical waste MUST be disposed of immediately after use as this is one of the main ways infections can spread. If precautions are not taken seriously infections can begin to spread meaning the visitors and staff could pick up the infect and take it home. The care home needs to keep all equipment and areas of the home disinfected as elderly people have low immune systems meaning their body does not fight infections of like someone of a younger age. Substances All of our residents take medication for their disorders. It is vital that these medications are locked up safely in the office and are not left lying around to avoid the risk of someone accidentally taking them and doing themselves harm. Staff must also write down the time and dosage of which medication was dispensed to a resident. If not staff may give too much or too little medication which could seriously affect the resident. Medication must also be labelled with the name of the resident it is intended for. If not, strong medications could be given to the wrong resident which could be fatal. Working Practices Every member of staff should have the appropriate training for each resident in the home to avoid mistakes being made. If staff fail to have correct training the residents could be at harm as the staff member might not be able to calm certain residents down in times when they are stressed or be able to handle certain aspects of a resident, like lifting or medication. It could also affect the residents ability to trust staff if they do not know what they are doing as well as making other staff having to undo mistakes being made putting strain of the bond of the staff. The number of staff working in the care home should be efficient with the number of residents present in the care home. Currently Delights Care Home has a manager, a  senior nurse, several care assistants, who all work shift patterns of morning, afternoons and nights as well as two cleaners, a cook, a kitchen assistant and a handy man. All staff should make sure shifts are planed accordingly to decrease the chance of being short staffed, this will reduce the chance of some residents being slightly neglected or left out. Being short staffed could mean residents may not receive their medication on time or wound dressings might not be changed as often leading to infections. Security Systems As the care home is situated near the main road it is important to keep security to a maximum. If a resident was to leave the building without a staff member or carer, they could be at risk of being knocked down trying to cross the road or getting lost because their confused. The Delights care home have a double entry door with a key code for staff which must be kept confidential as anybody could come in off the streets and cause harm to the residents, staff or visitors and a bell for any visitors, when the visitors enter the building there is a book they must write in to say they are here this is for health and safety. If there was a fire, this means that everyone in the building could be accounted for. We have a safe where residents can keep their money and valuables. This must be locked as to not tempt theft. This is also where the computer system holding the medical records is. If not kept secure this could breech the confidentiality rights of the residents.

Term project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Term project - Assignment Example Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum, and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States. Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. The state is divided into 105 counties with 628 cities, and is located equidistant from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is located in Smith County near Lebanon. The geodetic center of North America was located in Meades Ranch, Kansas, Osborne County until 1983. This spot was used until that date as the central reference point for all maps of North America produced by the U.S. government. The geographic center of Kansas is located in Barton County. Kansas is underlain by a sequence of horizontal to gently westward dipping sedimentary rocks. A sequence of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks outcrop in the eastern and southern part of the state. The western half of the state has exposures of Cretaceous through Tertiary sediments, the latter

Window-based application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Window-based application - Essay Example It should be able to work, in the same way, as face-to-face training. With this, it will be possible to cut the costs that are associated with the need for employees to travel to Chicago. This kind of training will include a broad range of activities from the provision of orientation for new employees and the opening of various offices in new areas (Bell, Reddy & Rainie, 2004). Besides face-to-face training methods, also other numerous methods and materials are available to help managers equip and prepare their employees to perform better in their work. The use of several methods in each of the training sessions is one of the effective ways through which employees can learn and retain the information. Successful implementation of such plans will require a number of considerations. As such, as members of the HRD team, it will be vital to understand the costs and other needs in using the That is to say; they make it a challenging task to come up with the best method to implement. kind of technology. One of the types of technologies includes the computer-based form of technology. Besides these, there are also online forms of technology as well as E-learning (ASTD, 2001). It is becoming rampant because of the widespread availability of technology. Technology is also becoming comfortable to use. As such, they help to enhance the traditional forms of training. They vary from the simplest programs that are composed of texts only to the more complex and sophisticated forms that make use of the Microsoft Windows Operating System. Most of these technological components require the knowledge of training consultants for development and implementation. There is a need for the trainers to know how to create and operate SharePoint presentations. In this sense, there are certain advantages that are linked to the use of this technology. It can be custom designed to suit different needs

What would be most useful in planning an expedition to the summit, a Essay

What would be most useful in planning an expedition to the summit, a map of the mountain or a preliminary visit - Essay Example Note that the word used was â€Å"statement† and not â€Å"problem†, because using the latter might invite elaborate problem-solving activities, which may not be necessary for making the best decision. This was the contention of Starbuck (1983) that organizations should be problem solvers. Having this kind of perspective, one will perceive the above statement to be a problem that justifies the problem-solving model. It is not yet in the action-generating mode, because the expedition is still in the planning stage, but nevertheless could also be taken as an action-generating trigger. While this perspective is pervasive among organizations who would justify their relevance by interpreting events (such as the question posed) as a problem that needs to be solved or acted upon, this mindset is problematic. This model of Starbuck will murk the issue of merely identifying the most useful in planning an expedition, because Starbuck’s model of problem-solving may lead to busy work whereby exercises are performed for the sake of solving the perceived problem. This is no different from the actors in an organization who bloat events into a problem to justify their existence; they create bureaucracy after bureaucracy to satisfy the need to act or to solve any event that is interpreted as a problem and thus is not an ideal model for responding to the statement. Equally problematic to the approach of Starbuck is Weick’s dependency to technology in solving any given proposition. Data provided in their cryptic representations were taken as if they were absolute truths when they themselves are imperfect and incomplete. Weick elaborated that these data are flawed for two reasons; first, these data does not have the sensory information such as â€Å"feelings, intuitions, and context† (52), all of which are critical in accurate assessment of a situation. Second, data provided by machines cannot speak in qualitative terms such as â€Å"metaphors, corporate culture, archetypes, myths, history†(52). Without these inputs in the information that we are going to factor in our decision making, we are rendered handicapped because it would be impossible for us accurately diagnose and address any issue that we will confront (1985). In the statement that this paper is trying to resolve whether â€Å"what would be most useful in planning an expedition to the summit?† Relying on information provided by machine as enunciated in the paper of Weick will render us incapacitated to make a sound decision because there is no way that a computer could relate the sensory nuances of climbing the summit that would make us a better judge which of the two options presented would be more appropriate. Bazerman and Moore’s article about â€Å"Bounded Awareness† provided an interesting perspective on how our filtering reflexes can lead to an erroneous interpretation of an issue, thus making an incorrect decision. Due to excess ive information available about a certain issue or event, we tend to ignore some information which could have been equally important. We make assumptions to fit problems into our defined space during our decision-making process, and these assumptions are our prejudices, biases, and preconceived notions that could impair the result of the decision (Starbuck, 1983). Yet, even as Bazerman and Moore defined how the filtering of bounded awareness limits good decision-making, the study still did not provide

Political Economy of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example It has build up a role inforeign policy, and represents its members in theWorld Trade Organization, atG8summits and at theUnited Nations. Twenty-one EU nations are part ofNATO. It has also taken up a responsibility in justice and home affairs, which includes the elimination of passport control between many member nations under theSchengen Agreement. (Alan, 2007) The EU functions through a hybrid mechanism ofintergovernmentalismandsupranationalism. In particular areas it relies on agreement among the member states. However, it also possesses supranational bodies, thus is competent to make judgments without agreement between each and every national governments. Among the prominent institutions and bodies of the EU are theEuropean Commission, theEuropean Parliament, theCouncil of the European Union, theEuropean Council, theEuropean Court of Justice,and theEuropean Central Bank. In every five years, the Parliament is elected by the EU citizens. Origins of the EU go back to the formation of theEuropean Coal and Steel Community,formed among six countries in 1951 and theTreaty of Romein 1957. Thereafter the EU has expanded in size via accession of new associate states, and in authority by adding new policy areas to its remit. (Richard, 2006) Subsequent to theSecond World War, efforts made towards European integration were viewed as a get away approach from the intense forms of nationalism, which had ravaged the continent.Theformation of the European Coal and Steel Community was among one such attempt to bring together Europeans. While having the unassuming aim of federal control of the formerly national coal and steel industries of its member nations, it was stated to be "a first step in the federation of Europe".The founding members of the Community wereBelgium,France,Italy,Luxembourg, theNetherlandsandWest Germany. Thereafter the history of Europe saw the establishment of European Economic Community(EEC) ascertaining acustoms unionand theEuropean Atomic Energy Community(Euratom) for cooperation in developingnuclear energy. In 1967, the Merger Treaty provided for the amalgamation of these communities collectively referred to as European Communities, which popularly were termed as European Community. (Ben, 2000) In 1973 incorporation of Denmark,Irelandand theUnited Kingdom enlarged the communities. In 1979, thefirst autonomous electionsto the European Parliament were held. The 80s saw the incorporation of Greece,SpainandPortugal. In 1990, the previousEast Germanyembodied the Community under newly united Germany. The European Union was officially instituted when theMaastricht Treatywas enacted upon on 1 November 1993. Presently, the European Union comprises 27independentsovereignnationsknown as member states: Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus, theCzech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta, theNetherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden, and theUnited Kingdom. (Alan, 2007) The EU is habitually portrayed as being separated into three divisions of responsibility, calledpillars. The original European Community principles form the first pillar, while the second beingCommon

Ethic Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethic Group - Essay Example r areas in Los Angeles, particularly to East Los Angeles, by the 1870s†¦The arrival of immigrants into Los Angeles caused an increase of Hispanics into other areas of the city†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1 The influx of immigrants definitely changed the face of Los Angeles forever, making it a city that would someday cater more to Latino culture in many aspects, which will be examined in the next section about assimilation. Assimilation has not always been easy, as much of the discrimination that Latinos have faced in L.A. Latinos in Los Angeles have traditionally been labeled as the ethnic group which â€Å"takes away American jobs,† supposedly. However, many times, these jobs are those which no middle-class or even working class American would be likely to want to do. Symbolic interaction theory explains this by basically introducing the concept that â€Å"†¦people give meaning to symbols and that those meanings come to control those people [as a form of] social behaviorism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2 Social biases have kept many Latinos from advancing to their full potential because they are pegged as working class people who do not have much means for upward social mobility. Of course, certain parts of L.A. are more conducive and open to Latino culture than others. â€Å"Since the turn of the twentieth century, East Los Angeles in particular has been a center of Latino organizational and cultural life. This has served as an important source of contextual capital for Latino residents.†3 The Latino population is exploding with bursts of growth. By 2000, after one of the most intense periods of immigration in American history, the Latino population had grown to 35 million, or nearly 13 percent of the entire population of the United States... [major] Latino population[s] of the United States live in†¦Los Angeles County (4.2 million)†¦[basically] 46.5 percent [of the population of L.A.]†4 There are many people living in Los Angeles who, for whatever reason, are assimilating to American culture by

Describe the development of ancient Greek burial customs through time Essay

Describe the development of ancient Greek burial customs through time - Essay Example The Archaic and Classical Periods continued the worship of the dead. Central to all of the periods was that honor was of central importance in burial (Morris 49). Valor on the battlefield and the ability to produce offspring were more valued than anything else in the Greek society, since they provided continuity to the ancient Greek bloodlines and society. Greek territory is located at the Aegean sea, and spread across many islands (Martin 1). Mainland is covered by mountains (Martin 1). Only 20 – 30 percent of Greek mainland and a few islands were arable in the time of ancient Greece (Martin 2). Sea was their main transport route (Martin 2). Greeks traded with merchants from the Near East, Egypt and other eastern Mediterranean parts (Martin 2). Despite the shared culture, Greeks never constituted one state. Ancient Greeks lived in different communities, ranging from oligarchies to monarchies and tyrannies, with some such as Athens reaching democracy (Martin). However, they all shared â€Å"a cultural identity because they spoke dialects of the same language† (Martin 4). They worshipped the same gods and gathered at celebrations of their gods (Martin 4). Two prominent cultures in the Bronze Age were the Mycenaean on the mainland and Minoan on Crete. Around 2,200 B.C., the Minoan culture developed (Martin 24). Palaces sprang up in the Minoan culture. Females were highly valued as represented on the palace frescoes and figurines of â€Å"bosomy goddesses†, but burial customs reveal that males held highest positions in running the society (Martin 26). Martial prowess was highly valued, as the wealth of weaponry found in graves of Minoan males indicated (Martin 26). It is safe to assume than Minoan palaces were run by male kings or princes, and that the society was already highly specialized (Martin 26). The first Greek speaking culture whose burial grounds have been uncovered come from the Mycenaean

Adam an American man Essay Example for Free

Adam an American man Essay Our piece did not have a title. The assessment was called Adam monologue, and we didnt change the name of our piece of work. It has been called Adam monologue, because we have Adam in the cell in the point where hes about to get crazy. We decided to have two Adams as we thought that it would have been more effective to watch.  AIM OF THE PIECE: The aim of these piece was to show the theme of survival. In fact, our work only included one scene, but we have shown the inner side of a human being kept in captivity for such a long time. In this case we talk about Adam an American man. Adam is a gentle person, kind, and very proud to be American. He is also the peacemaker, who calms and sustains the other two characters in the play, Edward and Michael, but who is also troubled by terrible dreams and fears. He has known the worst of captivity, because he has been alone in the cell. In the scene we see him troubled by the fear of death. Hes becoming very pessimistic about his future, hes now realizing that the Arabs want to kill him. A reason of that is because Adam is American, and they are seen as war prices if captured. In the seen we can see that hes very troubled and becoming mad. We represent his inner mind by adding in the scene another Adam, who is suppose to show how he was before becoming mad. I think that the two Adam are really different, obviously, as they show the two different part of a man such as Adam  . In fact the second Adam, who is suppose to be the normal one, comes into the scene and starts exercising, as Adam would do. But the response that we get from the troubled Adam is different. He first wants to know who is the person who has entered the room and he wants to know how. He then ask what hes doing. Here we have a really strong eye contact by the two Adam. The troubled one seems scared by the other one. We have the impressions that the normal Adam, has got the power over the other Adam. In fact when Adam is trying to reassure the troubled Adam, by touching him on the shoulder, the reaction of the troubled Adam is that he tries to get away from Adam and he starts getting really frustrated about what he tells him. In fact when the normal Adam starts to read out the Koran, the troubled Adam is really frustrated because he doesnt want to listen, and he start screaming that hes going to die. This is how the scene finish it. PRESENTATION: The piece was well presented, and I think that everyone in the audience has understood what had happen in the scene. We planned the scene very carefully. Since that we where not aloud to use the stage because we were filmed somewhere else, we had to use another space. We had decide to have the troubled Adam sitting down lining against the wall, with the hands on his face, and with his legs bend. By this already we can easily understand that hes frustrated by something. When he then starts speaking we also know what the reason is and we have shown quite carefully how a person would feel after being so long in a cell being chained. He speaks with a very angry and frustrated voice, this is because he knows that he is going to be killed. When he finishes speaking he dives his head into his hands. Then the normal Adam enters the scene, and he starts exercising, by doing sit-ups, this was suppose to keep him fit, so that he could have competitions with the other two in the cell. As the troubled Adam put his head up and sees the other Adam he asks who he was, and how he got in the cell. When he receives the answer that the new character was actually him, he starts getting mad. We then wanted to show that the normal Adam was in control of the situation. To show that we had the two Adams on two different levels. The troubled Adam was sitting on the floor while the normal Adam was standing up. We also had the two Adams talking with different speed in the voice. In fact the normal Adam was really calm and reassuring, while the troubled Adam talked really fast, and he was really frustrated. This was once again to show who was controlling the situation. STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES: As any piece of drama, our piece had strengths as well as weaknesses. One of our strength was that we show this piece in a very original way, and I think that the audience really enjoyed looking at it. Another strength is that my partner and I really worked well together, and we didnt have many problems coming out with ideas. I think that our last strength was that we wrote down a script which helped us remember what we had done, so that we wouldnt forget. The piece had some weaknesses as well. First thing I think that, our piece could have been longer so that could have been more effective. Another weakness is that we couldnt use the stage and the piece could have been better if acted on stage. As the stage offers more space.  By looking back at the piece I think that my partner and I have done a good job into getting into Adam mind to try and feel as he would. PROBLEMS I HAVE EXPERIENCED: I think that my biggest problem is the language but I can easily co-operate with it. Another problem that I have experienced is that the character that I have played is not as I am. In fact in the play I had to be really calm and mature, trying to reassure someone else. In life I am a total different person. In fact I wouldnt be walking with my back straight and talking very slowly, trying to keep a very neutral facial expression trying to show no emotion, as I was suppose to be the inner side of Adam. I think that at the end I have done a good job into acting the inner side of Adam.

Human Resources Management In Organisational Context Business Essay

Human Resources Management In Organisational Context Business Essay Each organisation has a unique external environment that has a unique impact on the organisation (Capon, 2009, p7). Furthermore Jain et al (2010) state that organisational success is down to the adaptability of a company in the external environment. The STEEPLE model of external analysis will be used in conjunction with critically appraising the company named Hilton. The worldwide hotel chain shall be analysed using the model and the essay shall conclude with recommendations for Hilton to utilise. The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate the external analysis of the case study organisation. The structure is as follows: A brief background to the organisation; defining what is meant by STEEPLE and how it is utilised; look at each part of the model and relate how this may affect the business and finally to come to a conclusion as to what the main problem areas for the company are. What is meant by the STEEPLE model? A STEEPLE analysis can be used to analyse a firms current and future environment (Worthington, 1946, p7). A STEEPLE analysis is an examination of the external market (Campbell et al, 2005). A STEEPLE analysis breaks down the external analysis into six different categories: Socio/Cultural, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political; Legal and Ethics (Campbell et al, 2005; Harrison, 2010; Jain et al, 2008; Kew et al, 2008; and Worthington, 1946). All of the named categories will have a different effect on the external environment of a particular company. The first part of the STEEPLE analysis is Socio/Cultural, this will be critically evaluated in the next section. Socio/Cultural The Socio/Cultural aspect examines the demographic trends, income distribution, social mobility, lifestyle, attitudes to work and leisure and levels of education (Kew et al, 2010). Some of the Socio/Cultural components will affect Hilton. Demographics according to Farnham (1990, p43) is The statistical study of populations through census returns, records of birth, deaths and marriages and other means. Traynor (2008, p1) finds that Britain will overtake Germany and France to become the biggest country in the EU in 50 years time. The Local Government Association seconds this by finding that the rate of births has fallen dramatically however people are living for longer (Local Government Association, 2010). This may effect the Hilton company because due to people living longer, they will need to take into consideration that there will be an increase in people who are retired. This may mean that people will not have the same income as when they were working and they may have to reduce th e cost of their rooms. On a more positive note for the company, people will have more time to spend on leisure activities. If the company decides to invest money into upgrading the leisure facilities, people may decide to come and spend their time and money there. As found by Vierich et al (1991), consumers in the future are likely to be specific in their requirements and will be less tolerant of providers that impede their leisure process indicating that if a hotel chain does not have a good leisure facility they may choose to spend their money elsewhere. The Socio/Cultural is an aspect that Hilton shall need to be careful of, the management will need to decide what price the rooms are in order to remain competitive. The next section of the STEEPLE model is Technological. How this affects the organisation will be discussed in the following section. Technological The Technological factors in the STEEPLE model critically evaluates the use of techonology available and the effect it will have on the organisation (Johnson, 2008). Kew et al, (2010, p6) state that Technological factors looks at: Research and Development; new inventions; speed of technology and developments of systems Aksu (2002, p94) states that Websites have become important sources of advertisement. This is true as more people get the internet, the information available to them becomed unlimited, this can therefore be linked to development of systems part as the internet is ever changing for the better. Hilton will need to be careful that there website sells the hotel to the customer. Law et al (2005) found that increased Technology meant that customers has a better expereince, booking rooms will be faster, check-in will be quicker and problems will be solved quicker all adding to the customers experience. Although the Technological side does not affect the company in many ways i t still has an impact on what Hilton do. The third part of the STEEPLE model critically appraises the Economic factors affecting the organisation. Economic The Economical factors evaluates the economy and how it may affect the organisation. It uses the economic factors such as supply and demand, inflation and the overall economical impact to the company (Sloman, 2010). It is a known fact that the recession has caused many companies lots of pressure to perform more efficiently (Townsend, 1983). The recession will have a major impact on the company. The company will have to cut costs in order to survive. Staff themselves cost money (Torrington et al, 2008). Supply and demand has the theory that as demand increases, supply increases, but as demand falls, supply falls (Henderson, 2008). The laws of supply and demand will ultimatley affect the organisation in the fact that if people have a demand for wanting hotel rooms or a certain product that Hilton sells, the supply must increase. If people no longer want the product or service the supply must change in order for the company to make money. Another factor affectingh the organisation is th e fact that the exchange rates vary daily. This will affect the companies asset prices. For example, if a company has debts in a foreign country, it may work in their favour to wait until the exchange rate is low, therefore costing less.****Need some quotes on where I got this from?**** The Economical side of the external analysis model is arguabbly very important. There are other factors however used in the STEEPLE model, the next part is Environemtnal and this will be discussed in the next section. Environmental Over the last decade or so the environment has been an important part of every day life. Scientists have found that our world is slowly getting warmer and this is known as global warming (Global Warming, 2010). Delworth et al, (2000) find that globa warming is due human-induced increase of greenhouse gasses. Every human being and also organisation therefore has a part to play in saving the environment. The councils around Scotland have recently introduced bins that are to be used for recycling, this is therefore there part to play in saving the environment. Although one organisation changing their ways will not have that big an impact on the environment, every little helps. Hilton must be careful that they look after the environment. It is clear therefore that environmental factors are an important extrernal factor that impacts upon a company. There are laws being passed everyday by different countries to stop the ever growing amount of pollution going into the atmosphere. The enviro nmental issue is a growing concern for companies and therefore is an important factor for companies around the world to remember when scanning the external environment. Now that the Environmental issues affecting the companies have been raised, the model being utilised throughout this essay states that the next part of the political environment and how that affects organisations such as Hilton. Political Political parties all have different agendas. How these agendas will affect organisations will differ between the parties in power. At the present, there is a coalition government in place and they have changed things within the country already. Depending on who is in parliament at the time will affect different companies. If for instance a green party is in place, they will be tough on climate change. If the labour government comes back into power, things may change that will help employees and their families. However the coalition government at the present time will have different opinions on how the country should be ran. A part of the conservative party manifesto was to increase support for enterprise and have a fairer and more balanced economy (Conservatives, 2010); where as the liberal democrat side of the government believe in tax efficient investment vehichles to provide seed captial for start up businesses (Libdems, 2010). It is clear therefore that different governments in place may affect organisations greatly, therefore becoming a very important part of the case studies external environment. The next part of the model critically analyses the Legal aspect of the environment and suggests how this may affect organisations throughout different countries. Legal The Legal part of the external analysis for any company is an important one that must be kept up to date, some laws change daily and this is done by the House of Lords in London. The Legal environment is a very important aspect that must not be overlooked, the company must do things legally and have stick to protocol when carrying out a procedure such as disciplinary actions or maybe be faced with a fine issued by employment tribunals. The European Union (EU) also has a part to play with the legal aspects of the external environment. The EU issue directives, which must be in place in all member states or a fine and/or penalty, will be issued. An example of an EU directive that may affect Hilton was issued in 2009 to make it easier for companies to sell their services across all of the member states (BIS, 2010). This is just an example directive, there may be many more for the organisation to consider. One must remember that in multi-national organisations such as Hilton, the laws in each land will be different and it is important that the Human Resources strategy takes this into account. From directives and laws in place such as the ones mentioned, it is clear that the legal environment is a minefield for organisations and one that if not careful can be costly to organisations. Rushton (2010) find that employment tribunals have risen by 56% in the last year. It is clear therefore that the Legal aspect of the STEEPLE model is an important factor for the external environment. Organisations must be careful and mindful of the ever-changing laws. The final part of the STEEPLE model is ethics and how that affects the external analysis. Ethics The ethical factor of the external analysis critically evaluates how socially responsible a company is. A new buzz word for socially responsible is CSR also known as Corporate Social Responsibility. How socially responsible a company is now a deciding point for most customers. For example, people may not choose to shop in the shop Primark after it was found that they get their clothes made in poor countries where people work for low wages and in poor conditions. Thankfully, Primark have invested in the Ethical Trading Initative meaning that they are taking a pro-active role in how ethical the company is (Primark, 2010). How a company treats their staff therefore is a factor organisations across the globe must be careful off. Conclusion Having utilised the STEEPLE model to analyse the external market of Hilton, it can be concluded that there are certain main factors that affect the organisation and therefore recommendations can be drawn: If as the Local Government Association (2010) finds, the population is living older, Hilton may need to watch their prices for rooms to keep at a competitive rate. A quick search on the company website gives an average price of  £104 per room, for one night (Hilton, 2010) This is expensive considering it does not include breakfast especially compared to other hotels such as the travel lodge. The organisation will need to keep in touch with increasing technological advancements as Law et al, (2005) found that customers will be impressed by these advancements as it means that processes can be done quicker and more smoothly. The economical factors of the external analysis are difficult to manipulate and change. The government have all control over the economy and Hilton must know what is happening regarding prices and interest rates. The organisation must be wary that the environment is now a large factor in deciding strategic movements that organisations such as Hilton make. Hilton must be careful not to make too much pollution and recycle as much as possible. The government policies will change every time a new party comes into power. It is important that multinational organisations such as Hilton understand that there are different governments in different countries and they must keep this in mind when making decisions. The Legal aspect of the external analysis model has indicated that there are many new laws brought in and some of them may have a direct or indirect affect on the organisation. Finally the ethical aspect is one that affects all companies in todays society. How socially responsible a company is will affect the amount of people that buy there. Therefore in general using an external analysis framework makes organisations such as Hilton more aware of the potential dangers in the market in which they operate and therefore is an invaluable tool to use (Farnham, 2010).

Sophocles Antigone - Creons Mistakes :: Antigone essays

Creon's Mistakes in Antigone In the awe-inspiring play of Antigone, Sophocles introduces two remarkable characters, Antigone and Creon. A conflict between these two obstinate characters leads to fatal consequences for themselves and their kindred. The firm stances of Creon and Antigone stem from two great imperatives: his loyalty to the state and her dedication to her family, her religion but most of all her conscience. The identity of the tragic hero of this play is still heavily debated. This tragedy could have been prevented if it had not been for Creon's pitiful mistakes. Creon's character possesses an infinite number of glitches in his personality, but his excessive pride was the root of his problems. His pride leads him to make accusations, before he considers the wise advice of others. Creon's pride also fills him not just as a king superior to the Gods, but also a man superior to women. The issue of Antigone being condemned to die becomes more than just a person who disobeys Creon; instead, the punishment is given even more eagerly, because it is a woman who disobeys a man. Creon's intelligent son warns Creon the people of Thebes sympathize with Antigone, but Creon accuses Haemon of being a "woman's slave" (line 756). Even though he is suppose to be loyal to the state and her citizens, he defensively questions if "the town [is] to tell [him] how [he] ought to rule?"(Line 734)The Theban king is too prideful to obey even the wisest of prophets, blind Teresias, insisting that "the whole crew of seers are money-mad" (line 1055). C reon finally puts his pride aside and listens to the Chorus' wise advice. It is difficult even then, and he obeys only because he fears the punishment that he might receive. "To yield [for Creon] is terrible" (line 1095) meaning to swallow his pride and admit that he is wrong is a very difficult thing for him to do. When Creon loses his wife and son, Creon's pride disappears, and he admits that he made a terrible mistake by not listening to anyone's advice. Antigone, a resolute and heroic female protagonist, pits her individual free will against the intractable forces of fate and against the irrational and unjust laws of tyrannical man like Creon.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Essays Papers

HUCKLEBERRY FINN The novel that I have most enjoyed ever reading was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about a young boy’s coming of age in Missouri during the middle 1800’s. The main character, Huckleberry Finn, spends a lot of time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the town of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him. Huckleberry Finn is considered an American character for many reasons. Throughout the novel Huckleberry shows stereotypical traits of what is expected, sometimes anyway, of the ideal American character. Even before the novel begins, Huckleberry Finn has led a life of absolute freedom. Americans are known throughout the world to have more freedom then anybody else. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him, his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, he is not used to following any rules. Huck, a good old-fashioned American character is just like the stereotype of American characters, by not following the rules. In the beginning of the book Huck lives with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are old and are really incapable of raising a rebellious boy like Huckleberry Finn. They attempt to make Huckleberry into what they believe will be a better boy. Specifically, they attempt, as Hu...

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was a man who was best known for bold standing against the difficult problems of his day. Issues such as slavery, negro social and political rights, and saving the Union in a nation based on the Declaration of Independence. Lincoln had many strength as well as flaws. He considered himself a common man and was not interested in his ancestry. Lincoln was a self educated man, who had never had a full year of schooling in his life. But, the 16th President of the United States became "a casualty of conflict". Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809. He was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1816, the Lincoln's moved from Kentucky to across the Ohio River to Indiana. His father left Kentucky "partly on account of slavery; but chiefly on account of the difficulty in land titles in Ky." Early on in life Lincoln had religious reasons for disliking slavery. His family was Separate Baptists who adhered to a strict code of morality that condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, horse racing, dancing, and slavery. October 5, a little over a year after living in Indiana, Lincoln's mother died of a devastating outbreak of what was called "milk sickness", along with several other relatives. The hardest years of Lincoln's life were yet to follow. After a short time it became apparent that Thomas Lincoln could not cope with his family by himself. Thomas went back to Kentucky to seek a wife. He married Sarah Bush Johnson. They made a businesslike arrangement for her to move to Indiana to take care of his family and for him to pay for her debts. Sarah Lincoln's arrival marked a turning point in Abraham Lincoln's life. Sarah brought her three children of her own into the Lincoln family. The Lincoln children felt that they had joined the world of luxury when Sarah brought knives, forks, spoons, tables and chairs, and comfortable bedding. But most of all she brought the love. Although Sarah was illiterate, she felt that it was important for the children to be educated. Lincoln became adept at writing and reading. And almost from the beginning he a became a leader. These years of Lincoln's childhood were short. He grew up in tough economic times. Out of necessity Abraham was worked very hard on the family farm. He was even hired out to work for other farmers and by law Thomas Linco... ... Sherman's army to storm through and end the war. He did this as the surest way to end the killing and salvage the American dream. Lee surrendered his forces at Appomatox Courthouse on April 10, 1865. Four days later Lincoln was shot by an assassins bullet, while attending a play at the Ford's Theater. John Wilkes Booth, the assassin, enter the president's theater box, and at a distance of about two feet shot Lincoln in the back of the head. Booth escaped by jumping down on to the stage and escaped through the rear of the theater. Twenty-one men carried Lincoln out of the theater to a boarding house down the street. Lincoln never regained consciousness. At 7:22 p.m., April 15, 1865, President Lincoln was pronounced dead. It was not until April 26 that Booth was tracked down to a farm in Virginia, where he was shot. American innocence died with Booth's shot at Ford's Theater. Lincoln would not live to see the peace that he had strived 4 long years for. We will always wonder what Lincoln would have done for this country if he had not died. Instead, we will always ponder what was lost that night at the Ford's Theater, what ended there and what began.

Internship Report on Vip Group of Industries

Internship Report On VIP Group of Industries Internship Report submitted to the Faculty of Management & Administrative Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Business Administration Submitted By: Raheeb Anjum 11022720-080 Masters of Business Administration (3. 5 year) 2011-2015 UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT Date of Submission Name of Program coordinator: Signature of Program coordinator: Acknowledgement â€Å"In the name of Allah, the most beneficent and merciful† I would like to thank Almighty Allah who made me able to complete this internship report by utilizing my skills and knowledge.I am also thankful for giving me spirit of patience, consistency and courage during my internship. I am very obliged to my affectionate parents who taught me the first word of speak and supported me morally and financially throughout my studies and also helps me to complete my internship. I am also grateful to the University of Gujrat that provided me a chance t o explore my skills, qualities, abilities and potentials through internship program. I am also thankful to my teachers for giving me chance to show the best of my abilities during the period of my internship.At VIP Group of Industries Limited , I would like to thank Mr. Abdul Sattar (Manager HR) who provided me full opportunity to start internship and accumulate first hand comprehensive information’ during my internship. I am also pleased to different persons like Mr. Muhammad Omer (Assistant Manager HR), Mr. Rizwan Mir (Marketing Manager), Mr. Muhammad Shahid (Production Manager) and Mr. Muhammad Wahab (Attendance Maintainer) who provided ever information I needed during the course of my internship. Table of ContentParticulars Part I Executive Summary Introduction Purpose, Scope and Aim of study Brief History Nature of Organization Business Volume, Rewards and success stories for last 5 year Product Line PESTL Analysis Contribution of Organization toward Economic Development Organizational Hierarchy Chart Number of Employees Main Offices Introduction of all Departments Comments on the Organizational Structure Part II Brief Introduction of Office Detail of Supervisors Weekly Timetable Detail Description of Departments Detail Description of Tasks assigned Summary of Learning Conclusions SWOT analysis Recommendations References 25 26 27 30 44 47 50 51 55 57 1 2 3 5 6 7 11 13 14 16 17 17 17 24 Page # Executive Summary VIP Group of IndustriesInternship was my first step in practical life, through which I learnt a lot and it has aided me in being well equipped with valuable experience that would help me once I enter the professional life after the completion of my studies. During the month of July, August and September 2012, I worked in VIP group of industries as an internee. My association with this company was being a part of the Human Resource Department. It was a great experience for me and it helped me in realizing where my potential lies. What I learnt at VIP Group of Industries over the weeks was how to get along with the people that I have to work with them, building relationships with people, building confidence and improving my communication skills. I also get the knowledge of Marketing and Finance department along the Human Resource.Experience has taught me responsibility, teamwork and how to handle people in tough social situations. Even though the nature of work was quite basic as an internee, nevertheless I got to see what practical life is. This internship overall has been a great experience. This report gives a profile of VIP group of industries and an insight into the HR Department where I was assigned to work. All the functions and operations of HR department are defined in the report including; recruitment & training & development, compensation & benefit etc. selection, This report also reflects my learning and experiences at VIP group of industry along with my responsibilities and the tasks that I performed.During t he internship it found that Human Resource Department is an important department in an organization which helps to increase productivity, performance of employees, to overcome the problem of fraud, to hire competent persons for the job performance according to their skills, knowledge and experience. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 1 FMAS Last part of the report consists of some recommendations and suggestions that I have given. My proposal would be of great use to VIP Group of Industries and if followed properly, it can increase the performance of employees and finally the VIP Group of Industries performance of the organization itself. Part-I 1. Introduction The name â€Å"VIP† emerged on the prospect of Pakistan soon after its inception in the year 1984.The start was modest with limited space to work and meager resources to cater, but devotion and dedication blended along untiring honest efforts soon flourished to bear the fruits. An honest approach in dealing, with custome rs, vendors and related agencies, took the group a step ahead and is a vital contributing to its success today. VIP Group of Companies is one of the esteemed manufacturers and private accredited exporter of Fashion wear, Motor bike wears in Pakistan having assets of worth more than PKR 1. 5 billion. The total area of the subjected premises consists of 112 Kanals. VIP Group of Industries captures a wide market and its products are appreciably accepted throughout the Pakistan most popularLeather Jackets and Leather Shoes are its major products, contributing towards the national economy, export figures range from 20 to 25 billion US dollars annually. It specializes in producing high class Leather product made of superior quality materials and possesses state production facilities in made ups and products for various consumer needs. The company makes use of the latest technical Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 2 FMAS equipment to make sure that each product is original in style and show s exquisite craftsmanship. This is an industry believes in originality as character and quality as foundation. The entrepreneurial spirit of the company seeks constant development, steady progress and outstanding performance. 1. Purpose of Study This report is based on study carried out for the fulfillment of the degree requirement of the Master in business administration (MBA) at the University of Gujrat (UOG). The purpose of the study is to do practical work in field and apply the knowledge of classroom lectures to the real life situations. 1. 2 Scope of Study The scope of my work is focused on the working of Personnel and Human Resource Department. Review Section of this report not only explains department’s working but also flow of work activities among the sections. During the internship, the observation was focused on internal managerial matters of VIP Group of Industries, i. e. work environment, organization structure, decisionmaking process, promotion criteria and all such matters. This research facilitates in SWOT Analysis. 1. Aim and Objectives The aims and objectives of VIP Training Institution (VTI) are to identify the training needs of the industry, offer practical training programme to professional of the wear industry, and provide training advice and guidance to VIP Group of Industries and to help established standards for training which will meet the performance needs in the field and on the job. VTI is dedicated to: Establish courses and in-house training programmes which will meet the specific needs of VIP Group of Industries. VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 3 FMAS Design training material that recognizes the capabilities and specific needs of newly hired employees and those who change their job assignment. Provide refresh and upgrade training for industry personnel in cost effective manner.In-house basic training programmes are being designed and developed to provide a base level of training which employees re quire to function in their jobs. VIP Group of Industries recruits men from all across Pakistan. The universities and technical schools do not provide the full range of subject matter necessary for a graduate entering the petroleum industry. It is VTI’s intention to ensure that the individual has an opportunity to obtain this training within his first two years with VIP. In addition to basic training courses, VTI will Organizes in-house technology update seminars. 1. 4 Limitations No matter how efficiently a study is conducted, it cannot be perfect in all respects.This study was conducted in accordance with the objectives of the study; the study may not include broad explanations of facts and figures due to the nature of the study. Second limitation, which affects the study, is the availability of required data was problem all the documents and files are kept strictly under lock and key due to their confidential nature. Third is the problem of short time period also makes the analysis restricted as one cannot properly understand and thus analyze all the operations of an organization just in six weeks. VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 4 FMAS 2 Overview of the organization 2. 1Brief History 2. 1. 1 EstablishmentVIP Group of Industries The name of VIP Group of Industries emerged on the horizon of Pakistan’s Leather industry in 1984, A modest limited financial and other resources available, soon flourished to bear full owing to the determination and dedication of its workers, An honest approach in dealing, with customers, vendors and related agencies, took the group a step ahead and is a vital contributing to its’ success today. At the moment VIP Group of Industries is the leading industrial group of Pakistan, owing assets more than PKR 1. 5 billion. The VIP Group of Industries deals in Textile, Leather wear, Fashion wear, Motor Bike wear and Gloves. 2. 1. 2 DevelopmentWith a balanced, efficient and competitive structure , VIP Group of Industries explores and exploits indigenous resources for optimum production of Leather and Fashion wear, besides seeking opportunities abroad. Services of the Company’s highly qualified and skilled expertise in the fields of Leather and Fashion wear are frequently availed by the local and foreign companies. During the last 20 years VIP Group of Industries has grown into a technically and commercially viable organization. 2. 1. 3 Name of Chief Executive Officer (C. E. O) Mr. Imtiaz-ud-Din Dar (Managing Director) Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 5 FMAS 2. 1. 4 Names of Directors VIP Group of Industries Mr. Usman Dar Mr. Umer Dar Mr. Amir Dar Mr. Imran Dar 2. 2. Nature of the organizationVIP Group of Industries leather wears fashion wear and textile as well with tender care and dyed in the brilliant shades of nature adds elegance and magnificence to this world. VIP Group of Industries is a manufacturer of such fabulous products: products that speaks of unparallel ed quality and unmatched comfort. VIP Group of Industries specializes in producing high class Leather and fashion wear product made of superior quality materials and possesses state production facilities in made ups and products for various consumer needs. The company makes use of the latest technical equipment to make sure that each product is original in style and shows exquisite craftsmanship.VIP Group of Industries is a company believes in originality as character and quality as foundation too. The entrepreneurial spirit of the company seeks constant development, steady progress and outstanding performance. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 6 FMAS 2. 3. Business Volume, reward honors & success stories etc. during last 5 years VIP Group of Industries VIP Group of Industries is using the modern technology for improving its ability to discover the Leather and Fashion wears potential in the country. A number of major institutional reforms and improvements have been implemented in all areas of operations enabling the company to take up the challenge of making the organization much efficient.VIP Group of Industries financial performance has been consistently improving with sustainable growth since the time it became a self-financing Company. Its business volume for the last five years has shown a steady growth as indicated in the schedules given on next page: Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 7 FMAS Business Volume for last Five Years (Quantities) Product Measurement 2006-07 Scale Fashion Wear Leather Wear Motor Bike Wear Gloves Pairs 83,445 86,670 93,234 Suites 92,004 77,412 93,236 Pieces 161,534 217,927 Suites 120,456 154,870 2007-08 2008-09 VIP Group of Industries 200910 201011 212,900 215,445 224,876 245,537 274,006 277,408 90,314 101,322 91,889 92,917 Textile Bundles 11,038 11,998 10,989 10,859 11,890 Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080)Page 8 FMAS VIP Group of Industries Business Volume for last Five Years (US $) Product Measurement 2006-07 Scale Fashion Wear Leather Wear Motor Bike Wear Gloves Pairs 62,58,375 Suites Pieces Suites 60,22,800 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 80,53,240 117,09,500 118,49,475 128,17,932 323,06,800 435,85,400 491,07,400 548,01,200 554,81,600 276,01,200 232,23,600 279,70,800 270,94,200 303,96,600 65,86,920 70,85,784 71,67,342 72,47,526 Textile Bundles 44,15,200 47,99,200 46,15,380 46,15,075 50,53,250 Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 9 FMAS The Net sales & other revenues for the last five years are as under: VIP Group of Industries (In million US $)YEARS Net Sales Revenue 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 76. 65 85. 05 100. 4 105. 6 111 2. 3. 1. Reward honors & success stories during last 5 year ? 2007 VIP Group of Industries achieved large growth in profits and business in 2007. This industry showed a marked growth in assets and equity by 8. 4% and 11% respectively. ? 2008 VIP Group of Industries achieved a substantial increase of 84% in its net operating income and 45% in its net income similarly total assets in creased by 10. 5%. ? 2009 VIP Group of Industries won the third prize of best exporter in Sialkot and awarded by Chamber of Commerce & Industry Sialkot (CCIS). Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080)Page 10 FMAS ? 2010 VIP Group of Industries VIP Group of Industries won the first prize for its commitment to the best international standards in the area of corporate governance in the industrial sector and its effective contribution to the development. ? 2011 VIP Group of Industries won the second prize of best exporter in Sialkot and awarded by Chamber of Commerce & Industry Sialkot (CCIS). 2. 4. Product Line In the product line of VIP Group of Industries, the following are its products by which it is earning profits: 2. 4. 1 Leather Jackets Leather jackets of the organization are very fine quality which is demanded all over the world immensely.Its demand is greater in Europe and America. 2. 4. 2 Leather Glove Leather gloves are average used but these are very useful to many sectors such as Garde ning, Strong electric wires cutting, weight lifting etc. It helps to keep safe hands skin which is badly harmed by using these instruments in these fields without using gloves. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 11 FMAS 2. 4. 3 Rexene Gloves VIP Group of Industries Rexene gloves are the highly used in nowadays. It used for the bike driving, to keep hands warm in winter and also for fashion use. Rexene gloves are less costly hence its demand is greater. 2. 4. 4 Track Suites Track Suites are widely used in the world.People use it for their teams to demonstrate themselves from other, also use for jogging and some people consider it as night dress. 2. 4. 5 Motor Bike Dresses Motor bike dresses are used for the purpose of racing which held in foreign countries. These dresses protect the driver/racer from injury which sometimes occurs due to accidents. 2. 4. 6 Leather Shoes Leather shoes are very important accessory in some industries. These are widely used in chemical industry because it h elps to keep feet safe from any accident or disaster. 2. 4. 7 Casual Shoes Casual shoes are also known as fashion shoes. Today’s youth is too much interested in these shoes.These shoes are produce to fulfill the demand of youth. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 12 FMAS 2. 4. 8 Fashion Wears VIP Group of Industries It is the world of fashion. Everyone wants to look stylish and try to demonstrate himself from others. For this purpose fashion wears are produced and its demand is very high. 2. 5. PESTL Analysis 2. 5. 1 Political Environment: Government encourages a sound exporting industry because it would help to generate profit not only for the industry but also for the country. But unfortunately the inconsistency in govt. policies due to instable govt. is causing many problems in industries rules which can change after intervals. 2. 5. Economic Environment: Economically the VIP Group of Industries is contributing in the shape of providing employment to thousands of people in t he country and has become the source of earning for many families. Pakistan has gained too much aid due to different crises that is quite favorable if it is being used in creating for developmental projects but the profit rate is not according to needs. This industry can now better contribute in the profit generation for the country as well by exporting. 2. 5. 3 Social Environment: The social environment is always favorable as industry does not have any side effects on the society and most people have good faith in the industry and think that their valuables would be better saved.Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 13 FMAS 2. 5. 4 Technological Environment: VIP Group of Industries The technological environment is quite favorable for the industry as it provides new and efficient machinery that helps a lot in making the process fast and reduces the chance of error. The progress in the computer industry is favorable for the organization as nowadays most of the working is on computers whic h are getting promoted so it is very favorable. 2. 5. 5 Legal Environment: The legal environment is also favorable for the Organization. It is according to the principles of law and is quite favorable for the employees, customers and owners as well.This industry is registered as VIP Group of Industries. 2. 6. Contribution development of organization toward economic VIP Group of Industries is an organization which all policies, products and services are being operated on the basis of ISO 9001, ISO 9002, OHSAS 18000, SA 14000, SEDEX. This is very beneficial for the society and for the economic development. In all over the world exporting is a very sensitive business. It plays a very important role in the economy of the country and it plays a significant role in the world of globalization and economy. It facilitates and influences economic activities including resource mobilization, poverty reduction, and production of products.So by keeping these all factors in mind VIP Group of Indus tries is playing a very important role in the economy by providing the best commodities, products which are accepted by people and its customers are very satisfied that they are using or consuming best quality of the product. This organization is providing jobs to lot of people, it is best utilizing its resources in order to generate profits on fair basis and it has a clear and crystal audit system that assures its commitment to ISO 9001, ISO 9002, OHSAS 18000, SA 14000, SEDEX. This Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 14 FMAS Organization also provides training facility that is contributing a lot in rising up the standards of living for even middle class people. It also provides loan to its employees without any mark up or interest. It also works for the benefits of its employees by making pensions, medical facility etc.When the size of organization increases, employment increases and it has a positive effect on labor class, money goes to the homes of people and consumption increases. VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 15 FMAS 3. Organizational Structure 3. 1 Organizational VIP Group of Industries Hierarchy Chart Chairman Directors Company Secretary Chief Staff Officer G. M Admin Manager Admin Corporate HR Manager (Finance/ Accounts) Marketing General Managers Assistant Managers Information Technology General Managers Managers Production & Procurement General Managers Managers General Managers Managers Manager HR Asst. Manager HR Performance Evaluator Salaries Maintainer Attendance Maintainer Chief Account Officers Area Sales Manager Sales PromotersChief Engineers Principle Engineers Senior Engineers Junior Engineers Senior Supervisors Supervisors Senior Account Officers Account Officers Finance/ Account Sections Corporate Staff Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 16 FMAS 3. 2. Number of Employees VIP Group of Industries VIP Group of Industries in Pakistan was having 3 factories but now it has established one more so the number of total factori es in Pakistan has increased from 3 to 4. It has a huge number of employees now. According to my information that I could get this organization have now almost 4,500 employees. This number was not that big before establishing new factory. 3. 3. Main Offices Head Office, Rahim Pur Khichian, Saydpur Road Sialkot. Pakistan ? Zonal Office, Plot No. 384, Sector 7/A, Industrial Area, Karachi, Pakistan ? Capital Road, Ghorey wali Khangah, Sialkot, Pakistan ? New York Office, 82-96 Country Pointe Circle, NY-11427, USA Beside of these above it also have some sub units in Sialkot and premises of Sialkot. 3. 4. Introduction of all departments VIP Group of Industries have 8 main departments which include Admin, HR department, Marketing department, Account & Finance department, Information Technology department, Production department, Export & Import department, Security department. Sample merchandising, leather rocurement, leather cutting, lining cutting, leather matching, screen printing, fusi ng, gloves unit, touching, alteration, spray, finishing, packing etc. are the sub departments of production department. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 17 FMAS 3. 4. 1. Admin Department VIP Group of Industries Admin department deals with the top management decision making of the organization. They make organizational strategies and structure of organization and implement these strategies within the organization. 3. 4. 2. Human Resource Department Human Resource Department relates with the recruiting, selecting of employees and give them training for enhancing their performances.It also conducts Internal Audit to evaluating the organization’s activities with the help of International Standards. Human Resource department also maintain the attendance & salaries of the employees and also evaluating their performances. 3. 4. 2. 1. Maintenance of personnel files As we have mentioned above that every section is related to the concerned department. So whenever any new employees recr uit VIP group of industries, the concerned section maintained this personnel record from the first day. All employees have their own personal file in personnel department. 3. 4. 2. 2. Correspondence The personnel department also maintained the record of each employee for promotion, the minimum time for promotion is five years.So at the end of every year they check the record of each employee, his ACR (Annual Confidential Report), experience qualification etc. Similarly if any employee want to leave more than 48 days which are Official than concerned department will approval them and send to the personnel section. In short any type of personal problem or work will maintain in his personal files with personnel department. It’s called correspondence. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 18 FMAS 3. 4. 3. Accounts & Finance Department VIP Group of Industries This department deals with different financial issues of the organization. It is one of the important department that keeps the financial record of the organization and provides information regarding the current position of the organization.It provides information related to daily transactions, tells about the financial inflows and that how much have financial outflows in the organization and vice versa. 3. 4. 4. Marketing Department Marketing department deals with the expansion of market and also with the products. This department is cause to increase the sales level of the organization. Marketing department deals with the capture of the market by using the marketing strategies and techniques. 3. 4. 5. Export & Import Department Export and Import department is important department of the organization. it deals with the products which cab be exported or imported. It also helps to reducing cost of the product and increasing the quality as well.This department plays an important role to increasing the sales as well. 3. 4. 6. Information Computer Technology Information technology department plays significant ro le in organization. All the software which are used to making transactions, data entry etc. are invented by the software engineers. All of the difficulties which occur day by day with the changing of technology can be tackle by the Information technology department. 3. 4. 7. Procurement Department Procurement department is the substitute name of purchase department. It deals with the purchases of the organization. Store rooms give requisition to Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 19 FMAS rocurement department and then this department make purchases according to need of the organization. 3. 4. 8. Leather Procurement Department Leather procurement department deals with the purchases of leather which are required to use. This department is much effective and efficient regard to the purchasing of leather at lower prices but having good quality. 3. 4. 9. Sample Merchandising Department Sample merchandising department refer to the sample product which is used to attract the customer or to a ttain the shipment order. It is not considered as finished product, it sends to next department to make it finished product after completion. 3. 4. 10. Sample Production RoomVIP Group of Industries Sample production room is the next department of the sample merchandising department because this room makes the product as finished product. Without this department the samples could not be completed. 3. 4. 11. Production Planning & Control (PPC) Production planning & control department deals with the production planning that which products should be produced. These planning of production derived from the marketing department. 3. 4. 12. Production Merchandising Department Production merchandising department deals with the semi-finished products. It might be said that it deals with the raw material which is used for production.It may be called as store rooms. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 20 FMAS 3. 4. 13. Production Department VIP Group of Industries Production department relates with the production on the product to make it finished product. This is next department of the Production merchandising department. 3. 4. 14. Pattern Department Pattern department deals with the patterns of the products. Patterns are the board/card cutting for the product which is used to cutting of the product to reducing the wastages and making best measurement of product. 3. 4. 15. Leather Cutting Department Leather cutting department relates with the cutting of the leather to making leather products.It takes patterns of the leather product and then used them for the cutting of the leather. 3. 4. 16. Lining Cutting Lining is used inner side or the leather product such as Leather Jackets, Gloves etc. It uses the fabric of sensitive nature for this purpose. It requires special care for the cutting of lining. 3. 4. 17. Screen Printing Department Screen printing department refers to the making designs on the product such as logo, picture, signs, slogans etc. for this purpose some screen patterns required and these patterns are made by this department itself. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 21 FMAS 3. 4. 18. Fusing Department VIP Group of IndustriesFusing Department refers to the sticking the buckram in the products to keep it strong. These buckrams increase the reliability of the product. 3. 4. 19. Gloves Unit Gloves unit is another department relates with the production. In this department all kind of gloves can manufacture. It manufactures leather gloves, Rexene Gloves, Wool Gloves etc. 3. 4. 20. Spray Department Spray department is used to giving the different colors to the products to making it attractive with the colors which are good. Mostly spray department is used for to coloring of raw material. 3. 4. 21. Touching Department Touching department deals with the correction of defects.When leather jackets, gloves etc are defected by minor holes then touching department fill them with the glue and then spray on it by relevant color. 3. 4. 22. Over lock Departm ent Over lock department is used to making stitching of the products possible and effective. With the usage of over lock the stitches can be open or ruined after the using of product. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 22 FMAS 3. 4. 23. Finishing Department VIP Group of Industries Finishing department makes the production at its possible level to reach at using stage. Without finishing department the product cannot be completed. This department makes the product possible using for end user. 3. 4. 24. Quality Control Department (QC)When the products get completed then these are checked by Quality Control Department. This department makes sure that the products which are produced are of good quality or not. 3. 4. 25. Packing Department When the production gets completed and processed by QC department then it forward for packing. Packing department is used to make sure that the product is fully completed and in form of to sell or proceed. 3. 4. 26. Transport Department Transport departme nt deals with the daily transport vehicles. They keep the records of transports, how much they require, how much are in use, which driver uses which vehicle etc. 3. 4. 27. Security DepartmentVIP Group of industries has its own security department and all the security guard which they have are their own employees. Duo to having the assets of billions it has danger of any disaster so for this sake it has its own Security System and CCTV cameras. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 23 FMAS 3. 5. Comments on Organizational Structure VIP Group of Industries An organizational structure includes the activities such as the allocation of the task, coordination and supervision that are directed towards achieving the aims and goals of the organization. Basically it includes the objectives on which the organization works and the methods or strategies to achieve these objectives and also the style of working.It is considered beneficial for both the employees and the customers as well. In this persp ective VIP Group on industries is having clear and defined objectives and it has recruited its staff on the basis of merit and capabilities. It has allocated different responsibilities on the basis of talent, experience and interests of employees. It also provides career opportunities to its employees and besides this it gives them employee benefits in the shape of medical allowances, bonuses, petrol expenses for higher staff and such other facilities to its employees. So the employees are much satisfied and turnover rate of employees is very low in this organization.As far as the satisfaction of the customers is concerned so this organization has provided full rights to its customers to complain in any matter they are having problems. The employees are trained in a manner that is quite satisfactory for the customers and the number of customers in increasing day by day. The internal structure of the organization is on the basis of ISO 9001, ISO 9002, OHSAS 18000, SA 14000 & SEDEX po licies and conditions. This 0rganization is adopting new technology according to current needs in order to efficiently and effectively competes with today’s international market. There is proper check and balance on the operations and activities of the Organization to assure quality.The organizational structure is very favorable for the stakeholders, employees, customers and society as a whole. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 24 FMAS Part-II 4. Internee Work 4. 1. Brief introduction of office VIP Group of Industries I have done my six weeks internship in VIP Group of industries near Allied Public School, Saydpur Road, Sialkot. VIP Group on industries is having two factories in Sialkot. It’s having very neat and clean building with the beautiful interior decoration. Mr. Abdul Sattar is the Human Resource Manager recently and he is very intelligent and talented person with high qualification and he has the ability to work under pressure.Beside of this all the staff is v ery corporative and professional. They all are performing duties very efficiently and they achieve their given tasks effectively. As it’s a very huge organization so its number of employees is also large, It has 1700 employees including manager and has twelve office boys and almost thirty guards. I was given a chance to work mostly with Mr. Abdul Sattar who is Human Resource manager. I had also worked with Mr. Muhammad Umar who is the Assistant Manager Human Resource here. Mostly I was worked with these two people but I had also worked with Mr. Muhammad Wahab. All the staff was very inspiring, supportive and gentle to me.They all made me to learn a lot and helped me in utilizing my time effectively and efficiently. I was joined VIP Group of industries on 27 th of July, 2012 and worked there till 12th of September, 2012. It was a great experience of my life and I had learned a lot there under kind supervision of its managers and staff. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 25 FMAS 4. 2. Detail of Supervisors VIP Group of Industries ? On 1st week of my internship I was worked under kind supervision of Mr. Abdul Sattar who is Human Resource manager. He made me learn the basics of Human Resource Department and I worked with him two weeks. ? Mr. Muhammad Omar is the Assistant Human Resource Manager. In my 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of internship I worked with Mr.Muhammad Omar and learned things related to Human Resource activities. He has been too much supportive and he told me everything Cleary. ? Mr. Muhammad Shahid is production Manager. In my 3rd and 4th week of internship Mr. Muhammad Shahid guides me to conducting JD and JS. ? Mr. Rizwan Mir is the Marketing Manager. In my 3rd and 4th week of internship Mr. Rizwan Mir guides me to conducting JD and JS. ? Mr. Muhammad Wahab is salaries & Attendance maintainer in VIP Group of Industries. In my 5th and 6th week I worked with him and learned the basics of the salaries and attendance maintaining which are used for th e appraisal. ? Mr. Muhammad Amir Dar is Director. I got information about the history of organization.I also got organizational information from establishment to current situation. ? Mr. Muhammad Imran Dar is Director. I got information about the history of organization. I also got organizational information from establishment to current situation. ? Mr. Muhammad Haseeb is Export Manager. I got information about the exports of the organization and got some information about imports too. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 26 FMAS 4. 3. Weekly Timetable Date Week 1st: 27th July to 3rd August VIP Group of Industries Activities Name of Department and Supervisor Human Department (Mr. Abdul Sattar) Resource I learned the introduction of this department and I got an idea of Human Resource department hat what actually it is, including the conduction of interview, Job Job Description, Specification, Overviewing the Internal Audit. Then I was told about the documentation required for each of th e case. I was told for the terms and conditions for applying these all things. Week 2 nd Human Department Resource In this week I have learnt that how to implement all the factors which I had learnt in previous week. 4th August to 10th August (Mr. Muhammad Umar) Week 3rd & 4th 11th August to Human 26th Department Resource Mr. Muhammad Umar sends me to storeroom, procurement department, August (Mr. Muhammad Umar) Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 27 FMASVIP Group of Industries production department, Marketing department to making Job Descriptions (JD) of their employees and also for making Job Specification (JS) by asking their employees which helps to evaluate their performances. Week 3rd & 4th 11 th Production Department to 26 th In these weeks Mr. August (Mr. Muhammad Shahid) Muhammad Shahid tells me that what are the job responsibilities of the August each employee in this department and also tells about his own responsibilities which are assigned perform Marketing Department (Mr. Rizwan Mir) aware to then me him he to also the about minimum qualifications, experiences etc. of the employees. Mr.Rizwan Mir also tell me about the job responsibilities and the minimum qualifications and experiences of the employees. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 28 FMAS Week 5th & 6th 27th August to Human 13th Department Resource In these weeks I have learnt that how to record and how to maintain the records of the Human Resource activities. Mr. Muhammad Wahab also maintains attendance of employees of the VIP Group of Industries September (Mr. Muhammad Wahab) organization which helps to evaluate that which employees are regular and punctuate with their jobs. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 29 FMAS 4. 4. Detail Description on Departments 4. 4. 1. Admin Department VIP Group of IndustriesAdmin department deals with the top management decision making of the organization. They make organizational strategies and structure of organization and implement these strategies within the o rganization. Record of company’s assets General Manager Admin and Manager Admin are engaged to make records of the company’s whole assets which are used in current situation and which are not used. They also make records that how many assets purchased and how many sells, and also make record that from where the assets are purchased and to whom the old assets sold. Insurance of assets All the assets of the organization including the window glass, door, chairs etc they are all insured.This insurance is made by the Managers Admin and making sure that in future if any disaster occurs then the organization recover its loss. Organizational strategies Without the help of organizational strategies neither a single organization runs efficiently for a longer period of time. Admin department is also engaged in to making organizational strategies to achieve the long term goals. These organizational strategies also help to other departments to make their own strategies. These all s trategies are dependent on each other but mainly on organizational strategies. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 30 FMAS Controlling overall organizational activities VIP Group of IndustriesEvery department is liable to perform or control its own departmental activities. But the Admin department is the only department who oversees the activities of the whole organization including all the departments. Admin department is the top management who leads and controls the whole organization. The other duties of the Admin department are also as under: ? Acceptance of requisites by other departments to fulfill their demands. ? Leading to all departments. ? Following the instructions of the Chairman and Directors. 4. 4. 2. Human Resource Department Human Resource department relates to the recruiting, selecting of employees and give them training for enhancing their performances.It also conducts Internal Audit to evaluating the organization’s activities with the help of International St andards. Human Resource department also maintain the attendance & salaries of the employees and also evaluating their performances. Maintenance of personnel files As it is mentioned before that every section is related to the concerned department so whenever any new employee recruits in VIP group of industries, the concerned section maintained this personnel record from the day of joining. All the employees of organization have their own personal file in personnel department of this organization. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 31 FMAS Correspondence VIP Group of IndustriesThe personnel department also preserved the record of each employee for promotion; the minimum time for promotion is three years. Hence at the end of every year they check the record of each employee, his Annual Confidential Report, experience, qualification etc. If any employee want to leave more than 35 days which are Official than concerned department will approve them and send to the personnel section. In sho rt any type of personal problem or work will maintain in his personal files with personnel department is called correspondence. Interviews Personnel department also conducting interviews of the new effective and efficient applicants which are applying for the jobs or which are asking by the relevant department for recruit.Interviews which are conducting most of the cases used structured interviews in which questions are already written on a piece of paper but in some cases unstructured interviews are also conducting. Attendance & Salary Maintenance This department also maintains the attendance of all core employees of the organization. Every employee has his own card which is swapped by them in the machine which is fixed at the entrance of the organization. This machine automatically makes attendance of the relevant employee but on officer of this department make sure that the employee is present and his card swapped by himself. With the help of attendance maintainer officer the sal aries of the employees are also make possible. Internal Audit Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 32 FMASExternal audit is conducting by Audit Associations which are minimum qualified to CA or ACCA. But beside of these the internal audit is conducted by Human Resource Manager. It helps to attract the investors, creditors, customers, public and all other stakeholders toward the organization. Audit report helps to clarify that the balance sheets and the other factors are appropriate, coorect and well maintained. Recruitment & Selection Recruitment & Selection is the main feature and duty of Human Resource department. Human resource department is engaged in HR planning by which it is determined that how many employees are exists and how much needs more for current and future.When there is shortage of employees then Human resource department make process of recruitment to generate pool of applicants and then select competent employees from that pool. Recruitment types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Regula r Contract Basis Trainees – Special Trainees Hiring through Contractor Classified appointment VIP Group of Industries Training & Internship It is not necessarily that an applicant who did well in the recruitment exercise is also best in performing an organization’s functions. New employees need orientation and socialization into the Company’s environment and can also improve some ineffectiveness that new employees might have in relation to their skills. This is the determination of placing them on internships or trainings.Training is also important for labor and members of staff who have been working in the organization for a long time. This is especially in the Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 33 FMAS increasing of technological advancements, legal changes and fluctuations in service delivery. It is necessary for the company to keep up with industry’s trends otherwise it faces the risk of becoming outdated; especially in the situation of increasing compe tition among the industries. Evaluation VIP group of industries performance of the employees is evaluated on the basis of what the company expected from them. The high level management evaluates performances. Top level management sees how the employee is performing his assigned positions.It is done through observing and comparing the outcomes of the organization with the expected outcomes. The results of evaluation are used in driven of employee inside the organization or outside the organization which refers to promotion and fired of employee. Career planning Career planning is basically career path and career development. Career planning section is under the control of HR manager. It informs the employees of VIP group on industries about their future planning that what they perform their duty and also they prescribed to the employees their operational set up. It informs employees that what they will do after 5 years and 10 years.Performance appraisal Annually performance reviews a re quite critical. Organizations are very busy to find good reasons why they cannot give an hour long meeting once a year to ensure the common needs of the employee and organization are being met or not. Performance review help overseers to feel more honest in their relationship with the subordinates and feel better about themselves in their supervisor roles. Subordinates should assure clear understanding of expectations from them, their VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 34 FMAS own personal strong point and areas for development and a rational sense of their relationship with overseers.Avoiding performance issues eventually reduces morale, reduce credibility of management, decreases the organizations overall effectiveness & efficiency and wastes more of management’s time to do what isn’t being done properly. The system of employee score performance also having a useful influence on effective performance appraisals in organization. The reliabilit y and accuracy of any scoring system rises with full detail and best skills with examples for each score band. This provides everyone the same scientific points and reduces subjectivity. Performance appraisal process The process of performance appraisal usually consists of four related steps which are as follows: ? Establish a common understanding between the evaluator and employee regarding work expectations, mainly the work to be completed and how the work is to be evaluated. Current evaluation of performance and the progress over work expectation provisions should be made for the regular feedback to clarify and change the goals and expectations, to rectifying unacceptable performance before it becomes too late, and to reward for excellent performance with proper praise and recognition in organization. ? Formal records of performance through the accomplishment of a performance and development appraisal form useful to the job. ? The formal performance and development appraisal deba te, based on the accomplished appraisal form and finishing in the building of a development plan. VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 35 FMAS Handling of Personnel Matters VIP Group of IndustriesHR department also deals with the complaints of the combats arising from the working conditions or from the decision made by the lower level managers and supervisors. Normally grievances arise when a worker feels that he has been neglected for promotion, is not getting a fair share of overtime or is being asked to work too much overtime. Such problems are first of presented to direct supervisor of the employee, if he is unable to resolve, then the problem goes to manager of that department and if even then the issue is not settled, then it is presented to human resource manager, who discuss the problem with director and tries to reach to solution of problem.Improvement of organizational culture The HR department can try to improve organizational culture by discover out w hat makes ups or what the company’s culture is seem. Human Resource should also be very concentrated on the organizational requirements. Here HR should recognize that personal fulfillment works better and hence should try to ensure that the change is relevant to every staff member. HR also explains to staff members and the stakeholders of the organization the advantages of converting the culture. With the help of this everyone should be clear so that all can see the advantages of this not only to organizational level but also to individual level then HR should try to remove all embarrassments in staff member’s minds.Employee Old Age Benefit Investment (EOBI) Human resource department is also maintains the records of the employee old age benefits which helps them to get the benefits after the retirement of them. In simple words it might said that it maintains the pension of the employees which are provided them or their families. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 36 FMAS Social Security VIP Group of Industries Social security used to provide medical facilities to the employees and their families as well. Labor force sometime cannot afford the medical expenses of their families then this social security helps them to cure themselves and their families from the diseases.Accommodation Accommodation is also provided to employees of the organization but not to every employee. This accommodation is mostly provides to managers. To whom the accommodation is provided to motivate him toward his job is the duty of the human resource department. 4. 4. 3. Account & Finance Department Details of Accounts: This department deals with multiple financial issues of the organization. It is one of the important departments that keeps the financial record of the organization and provides information regarding the current position of the company. It provides information related to daily transactions, tells about cash inflows and outflows that how much have come in the or ganization and how much goes and vice versa.The accountant is responsible for the following duties on daily basis: ? First of all Voucher Checking with the validation listing printout is being done. That printout is being kept in the file and record is saved in files. In case of any confusion concerning the transactions that print helps a lot and provides valid information to evaluate. These Vouchers are also checked by the Finance Manager for the supervision purpose. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 37 FMAS ? Ensuring the reliability of input data is also necessary and then it is approved by authority limits this is verifies by checking the system generated validation against vouchers, to check that all the transactions are input in the correct codes. After completion of input vouchers and by putting them in its register, the accountant is supposed to make it checked by the Finance Manager and get those vouchers signed by manager for the purpose of confirmation as if there is any m istake that could be sort out. Then by the final checking the register of vouchers is kept in evidence cabinet for safe custody. ? It is also the responsibility of the accountant to ensure that total count of voucher is matched with the posted voucher authentication listing. ? All the information is also saved on hard disk as well as on CD for monthly back up. And on CD and hard disk there is written monthly transactions. ? One of the most important tasks is to settlement of cash balances and non-cash balances as per proof with the balances as per trial balance.After intervals the organizational statement is matched with the bank statement and then it make sure that all the money which transferred to bank is correctly recorded. There are two main tables that are made on settlement form. In the first table, â€Å"we debit they don’t credit† is written and in this table we write the transactions with the date, receipt number, name and amount of those transactions that ar e being debited from our side but bank has not credited. In 2nd table â€Å"we credit they don’t debited† transactions are being written in form. Here those transactions are being written that are credited by our side but bank has not debited it.In these tables accountants match the transactions by the help of our and bank’s statements and clear the transactions that have been done by both sides and VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 38 FMAS entre those transactions that are to be done by any of the one. If the transactions are not noticed for more than 2 or 3 days then they personally contact each other and ask them to make the transaction rectifying and clear. Financial forecasting Finance managers are responsible to forecast that how much finance is required in future prospect. They also guide the procurement department that from where they make purchases to reducing cost and increasing good quality.Finance managers also work to minimizi ng the cost and on the contrary maximizing the profit of the organization. VIP Group of Industries 4. 4. 4. Marketing Department Marketing department is engaged in to increase the sales of the organizational product all over the world. VIP group of companies have 4 marketing managers according to the different products. They classified according to the regions and the products in which they are specialized. Marketing Mix By marketing mix of an organization it means, what company offers to the customers and potential customers i. e. company's products, what price it charges for the product. How the product reaches to customers and how company promotes its product.One can simply understand that all this depends upon the product, company is offering and nature of the organization itself. Making Marketing strategies Marketing managers are engaged to make marketing strategies. These strategies helps to the marketing department that which products should Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 3 9 FMAS produce, how to produce, how to compete with rivals, for how much longer period of time these should be applicable, how to sell etc. Product Efficiency Marketing department is busy to increase the efficiency of the product which should be highly demanded by the customers to fulfill their desires. Due to the high competition it’s hard to differentiate the product with competitors, but the marketing managers of VIP group of industries are ery skilled and efficient that they differentiate their product effectively. Product Extension Marketing department is also engaged in to make product extension. Because of the dynamic environment the demands of the customers change day by day hence it is necessary to make extension in the product which is used to fulfilling the demands of the customers. Marketing Forecasting It is also the duty of the marketing managers to forecast the future demands of the existing and potential customers and also the products which are useful to cust omer and organization too. Forecasting helps to increasing the business, profit and also capturing the marketing in their favor.Market Extension Marketing managers are also evaluating that in which markets should be entered with the existing market too. With the extension of the market it is easy to enhance the market capabilities and also to expand the business with a potential profit. Marketing managers segment the market and then target it with the few products to evaluate that these products should be acceptable. VIP Group of Industries Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 40 FMAS Evaluating Need, Want and Demand of customers VIP Group of Industries Marketing managers are also evaluating the needs, wants and demands of the customers. These assessments or evaluation help the managers to determine which products should be produce to fulfill the demands of customers.With the fulfillment of customers demand it gives the chances to capture the marketing and compete with the competitors. 4. 4. 5. Production Department Production department is associates with the production of product from raw material to finished good. Production department is the main department by which the other departments are having some importance. Cutting of Material Cutting department is separate department but it might be said that cutting department is sub-department of the production department. Cutting department get the pattern of the product from pattern department and then make cutting possible according to the pattern of the product. With the help of pattern the wastage of raw material decreases and efficiently cut the raw material.All the parts of the material should be numbered by numbering department. These numbers helps to determine that which piece is assemble with the other one. These numbers make the assembling effective and easy. Leather Cutting Leather cutting is little bit tough than the other cuttings hence the leather cutting is separately used. Leather cutting is the har d task to perform. With the minor inaccurate cut, the whole product is become waste. For the leather cutting it require the special care and for this purpose most efficient labor requires. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 41 FMAS Lining VIP Group of Industries Lining is used inside the leather and Rexene products. Without lining the product is useless.It is the sensitive fabric which is used to making product effective, and useful. Beside of it, there is also use buckram in the products which increases the reliability of the products and makes them useful for the longer period of time. Supervisors oversee all these activities and guide the labor; on the other hand production manager supervises the supervisor and all the activities. Touching Touching department is also the sub-department of production department. Touching department is used to rectifying or concealing the defects which occurs with the product. Any minor defect or whole which can be covered is rectifying with the glue and then colored it with the relevant color.Stitching When all the pieces cut effectively and efficiently then they assembles, and this assembling is make possible with the help of stitching department which is another sub- department of production department. All the pieces are numbered which helps to stitching department that which piece assembled with which one. Over lock Over lock is another sub department of production department. When the product is well stitched then it transferred to over lock department which over locking the stitches of the product which increases the efficiency and reliability of the product. Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 42 FMAS Quality control VIP Group of IndustriesWhen the production is made then the product transferred to Quality check department who evaluate the product and check the quality of the product and reliability also. If any product or piece seems damaged then it returned to the relevant department to make it again. Only good quality p roducts are preferred. Packing When the product is completed and go through the all the department and also approved by the Quality control/Quality check department then it transferred to packing department. Packing department make sure that the packing is effective. This effective packing is also the source to attract the customers. 4. 4. 6. Information Technology DepartmentInformation technology department is used to making softwares of the organization and also engaged in the maintenance of these softwares. At the entrance of VIP group of industries is machine in which the employees swap their card and then enter in the organization. This software is also made by the IT engineers of this organization. They also make the data entry software of the organization of multiple types. Maintenance of Software Engineers of information technology are engaged in the maintenance of the softwares of the VIP group of industries which are made by them. Information technology is the complex issu e and it requires special care. Protect software from hacking Software engineers also work for the protection of the software of this organization.Every organization has its privacy but due to the highly usage of information technology and its increasing awareness the threats of hacking Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 43 FMAS increases hence engineers of information technology helps to protect it from hacking. Development of software Engineers of information technology are also make searches for development of new software which is useful for the organization. They also interlinked the whole organizational computers with one hub. This networking helps to recover data from the other computer in case of any loss of computer. Maintenance of computers Engineers of information technology also make possible the maintenance of the organizational computer and also protect them from the viruses.They not only maintain the computers but also the other accessories of the computers. VIP Group o f Industries 4. 5. Detailed description of the tasks assigned to me: I worked in VIP group of industries six weeks and during this time period I was given a chance to go through all the departments in the organization except security. My 1st two weeks were spent in Human Resource Department and as the details of Human Resource have been discussed earlier. I was given multiple tasks to perform during these two weeks. Initially I was given the complete introduction of this department. In the first week I was told to just get information of Human Resource department that what HR actually is and what are the task they perform.I was given by the previous internal audit reports, studied the labor laws, go through with the organizational restrictions and rules of behavior with employees who are given by international standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 9002, OHSAS 14000, SEDEX, SA 18000 etc. Human resource activities are Raheeb Anjum (11022720-080) Page 44 FMAS done for evaluation of employees and recruitment also. Details of them have been told earlier in weekly timetable. In this department the most crucial part is the documentation and I was given many sets of attendance forms, employment forms to fill correctly and carefully. I filled almost 20 to 30 sets of employment forms and almost 10 files of attendance. Employment documents include Appointment as contractual, core employee, part time employee etc. I filled all these documents myself by the guidance of Mr. Abdul Sattar and Mr. Muhammad Omar.These all documents are quite confidential and one has to be very cautious while filling those documents. Then the 2 nd thing was to complete the files of attendance and job analysis which include JD (Job Descriptions), Approval, Offer Letter, JS (Job Specifications), JE (Job Evaluation). I was asked to complete the file