Top Structure of a Research Paper Outline Tips!

Top Structure of a Research Paper Outline Tips! Life, Death, and Structure of a Research Paper Outline The sole difference is the true content presented in the paper. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. When you look closer to this site you're going to be in a position to comprehend what makes a very good paper feasible. Just because you've struggled to write such a paper in the past does not absolutely signify that you want to experience the exact same challenges all of the moment. Some readers will be considering research methods utilized in your work while others might read certain points mentioned in your research. There are a couple of tips on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals related to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way. It's your first (and probably only) opportunity to draw the reader's interest. Fantastic res earch paper's examples almost always concentrate on novel suggestions to address which will be of value in the area. Amazing research papers are all over the internet for one to read. When you know the best place to turn, you're going to be able to begin a research paper without difficulty. A great research paper addresses a particular research question. Not everybody ought to be pessimistic analysis indicates that numerous solutions are readily available. In the event you're not able to do the research paper as a result of any reason, you can depend on ProfEssays to write for you in accordance to your requirements. Even in case you have necessary data, it can be pretty challenging to present it in an appropriate systematic manner in line with the rules of formalization. Demonstrate the way your input develops and distends the current works. Most Noticeable Structure of a Research Paper Outline You could also state which type of approach it is you'll use in your paper for the full discussion of your topic. The paper should get off to a good beginning regarding clarifying unfamiliar information as not to depart from your readers puzzled. For your research paper example to be the very best, you will want to demonstrate that you fully grasp the topic and have fought hard in regards to the type of things to investigate. In order f or it example to get going, you'll need to announce your introduction with few sentences that show what kind of research questions you will be asking. Each paragraph needs to have a single topic that comes from the thesis statement. You have the ability to write only its primary sections or present a comprehensive plan with several subsections. It's also logical to compose a more thorough outline for yourself even in the event the requirements are different. If you want to write for a particular journal, an excellent advice is to look at the research paper outline of a number of the articles to have a better idea on the best way to compose your article. If making outline is part of your assignment, follow the directions you were given. When revising a paper, it is beneficial to watch out for the most frequent mistakes (Table 2). APA format is well-known among students as a result of its simple guidelines and approach. How to make an APA research paper outline If you need to write employing the APA format, you should stick to the general rules of making the outline. You might also see resume outline. An outline is going to be a reminder for you to include all the crucial subtleties in it. It is important for all types of research papers. The more points you wish to include, the more complicated outline you'll ever have. Thinking of keywords can help you plan along with the paper outline introduction, and will offer you more of an idea what things to write about. In your research paper outline template, don't neglect to include all the keywords that you would love to emphasize in your introduction. Before you start flushing out your research paper outline template, think about the keywords which will help you collect a coherent introduction. As a variant, you can make a list of feasible outline headings, and then, in the procedure for writing or even at the very last stages, you could select the most suitable choices. Don't forget that presentation of the references in the proper format is the duty of the author, not the editor. A template is a kind of design that's already formatted in your document so you can commence writing on opening it. If you own a lot of relevant photographs of sample websites and methods then they belong here. If data are excessively abundant, you may use those supplementary materials. The results part of your report needs to be neutral and you ought to avoid discussing your results or the way they differed from or compared with what was expected. A set of fantastic CSS tools and resources are found at html-css-js.

Tell Tale Heart Analysis - 1176 Words

Emma Li Mrs. Gahagan Period 3 30 October 2017 Secrets and Style of Sir Poe Gothic fiction is the strange, dark, spooky, and supernatural writing style loved by readers of all ages. Most of the stories written in the Gothic style were centered in the gothic medieval period. Several renowned books like The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux and The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Victor Hugo were written in this style. Edgar Allan Poe was one well known Gothic writer and poet from the early eighteen hundreds; he was especially famous for his tales of mystery and macabre. A popular dark short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† and one of his first and most famous poems, â€Å"The Raven,† are no exception. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a story of murder†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the metaphors used by Poe supports the sinister mood of the short story and poem. Diction, or word choice, is also used in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Raven† to indirectly characterize the narrator and speaker. The narrator of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† upon spying the vulture eye of the old man, depicts it as â€Å"all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over [the eye] that chilled the very marrow in [his] bones† (Poe 355). Through using the word â€Å"hideous† and the phrase â€Å"chilled the very marrow in [his] bones†, the narrator blatantly reveals his wariness towards the old man’s eye. The narrator feels threatened by the eye, which indirectly characterizes him as insane because it is unnatural for people to feel terrorized by appearance. Additionally, the speaker in â€Å"The Raven† claims that while he dreams about Lenore in the presence of the raven, â€Å"the air [grows] denser, perfumed from an unseen censer / Swung by Seraphim whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor† (Poe 79, 80). â€Å"Censer† and â€Å"Seraphim† are two words that express the speaker’s longing for Lenore, as a censer is a c overed incense burner usually used in funerals, and Seraphim is an order of angels from Heaven. The reference to angels and funerals indirectly characterizes the speaker asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart 1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdespicable villains are marked with indifference towards their moral reprehensibility. â€Å"In the Penal Colony† and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† both elucidate the idea that corruption, darkness, and immorality alike are unperceivable to the one afflicted. However, while â€Å"In the Penal Colony† suggests that this blind nature is a result of dutiful honor, responsibility, and hope, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† alternatively submits that it is a result of the possibility of fulfillment. Distinction between bothRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Tell Tale Heart 1072 Words   |  5 PagesMason Wright Professor Ward English 1101 Oct 2nd, 2015 Literary Analysis: The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe In Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart, a story is told of a man whom is not named but I willrefer to as the narrator. The narrator is often quite nervous, however the man tells that â€Å"the disease has sharpened my senses- -not destroyed- -not dulled them†. The narrator tells of an old man, whom the narrator loves, but he plans to kill the old man, for the old man has what the narratorRead MoreEssay on Tell-tale Heart Literary Analysis723 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tell-Tale Heart A Literary Analysis Like many of Poes other works, the Tell-Tale Heart is a dark story. This particular one focuses on the events leading the death of an old man, and the events afterwards. Thats the basics of it, but there are many deep meanings hidden in the three page short story. Poe uses techniques such as first person narrative, irony and style to pull off a believable sense of paranoia. In this particular story, Poe decided to write it in the first person narrativeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1320 Words   |  6 PagesRory Spillane Mr. Bruno English IV period 8 1.29.15 Analysis of the Tell-Tale Heart Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19th, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He went on to become one of the most famous American poets and authors in history. The subjects of his poems and stories were often morbid in nature, many of them having to do with death and murder. Unfortunately, the dark tone of his work reflected the darkness of his life, which was marked with notable instances of tragedy, such as theRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 839 Words   |  4 PagesTamara Combs Professor Bonds ENG 1102 28October 2015 Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† The Tell Tale Heart is a story, on the most basic level, of conflict. There is a psychological struggle inside the speaker himself .Through obvious clues and statements, Poe warns the reader to the mental state of the speaker, which is irrationality. The irrationality is described as a fixation (with the old man s eye), which in turn leads to loss of control and ultimately results in murder. â€Å"†¦I loved the old man.Read More Critical Analysis of Poes The Tell Tale Heart Essay examples1635 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Poes The Tell Tale Heart The Tell Tale Heart is a story, on the most basic level, of conflict. There is a mental conflict within the narrator himself (assuming the narrator is male). Through obvious clues and statements, Poe alerts the reader to the mental state of the narrator, which is insanity. The insanity is described as an obsession (with the old mans eye), which in turn leads to loss of control and eventually results in violence. Ultimately, the narrator tells hisRead MoreFreudian Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes a Tell Tale Heart Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesErika Barnett Professor Curley Daring the Nightmare 13 October 2010 A Freudian Analysis of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† By Edgar Allen Poe As an esteemed psychologist analyzing this accused murderer, I have found a few key pieces of evidence that ultimately lead me to the decision that the murderer is in fact mad and I recommend psychological rehabilitation as well as jail sentence as a proper penalty for the crime committed. Although, he claims he can recount the night of the murder â€Å"healthily andRead MoreAnalysis of The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImagine the sight of an old mans eye, vultures, pale blue, with a film covering it. (Farooq). Could this make one’s self so insane that one would murder a man because of it? This is the event that occurs in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart. Every night at midnight, the narrator, ventured into the old mans room without making a sound, to observe the very eye at which made his blood run cold. The old man did not suspect a thing. During the day the narrator continued to go about his dailyRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tell Tale Heart1289 Words   |  6 Pages Inside the Heart There are many well-known poets, but not many are as unique as Edgar Allan Poe. By the age of 13, Poe had become a creative poet (Biographies). Many of Poe s works were horrific fictional stories. His first book was published in Boston in 1827, called Tamerlane and other Poems. More of Poe s major works include Tales of the Grotesque a d Arabesque, which included his most spine tingling tales such as Ligeia and The Fall of the House of Usher. Most of Poe s works haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s Tell Tale Heart895 Words   |  4 PagesIn Edgar Allen Poe’s Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator says â€Å"It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night.† The narrator uses illustration to prove that he is not insane, and plans a story as evidence. In this story, the primary condition is the narrator s decision to kill the old man so that the man s eye will stop looking at the narrator. The eye, the watch, and bedroom are examples of symbolism and imagery that add to the narrator’s

Marketing Flyer Plan Essay - 1314 Words

XYZ Construction, Inc. XYZ Construction Marketing, Inc. Marketing Plan Pamela Bryant Northcentral Univesity Abstract This marketing plan will develop the expansion of the XYZ Construction, Inc. from the state and federal supported construction industry to the private and residential construction industry. The growth of the company as well as the future goals are to be developed through a marketing plan that will a strategy to enter a market that has not been explored previously. The next twelve months the company will seek development in all areas of the business that will transform the ownership from private to public. Bryant Consultant brought in as a contractor will help develop a marketing plan as the first step in the†¦show more content†¦They currently lead the market in the Western Region with the highest number of awarded state and federal bids. With over 60 years of experience in the commercial area and the support of many vendors and agencies, XYZ has determined to be successful in the IPO the expansion of business is necessary. The move to residential and private sector bus iness will open the door for additional services, however the marketing will be vigorous as this is a very competitive market. The flyer will outline the services offered, but more importantly, it will outline the reputation of the company, which is important to 90% of most homeowners (Jefferies, 2011). The standards of reputation are extremely high in the residential market and homeowners look for the following; stability, experience and customer service (Jefferies, 2011). We would recommend that XYZ not attempt to tackle the market as a whole, but create an area of specialization to enter the residential market. The areas in which we recommend that XYZ attempt to enter the market are the following: * Concrete – foundation, driveways, porches * Excavation – clearing property to start residential project Marketing Strategy Prior to creating a flyer, that will distinguish XYZ from other construction companies in the residential market area; we must first analyze the market to determine who will be included in distribution. According to the U.S. Census Bureau 2012 report released in December, privatelyShow MoreRelatedMarketing Flyer Plan1991 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover the development of a marketing flyer plan for XYZ Construction, Inc. XYZ Construction, Inc. currently is a private construction company that is predominately funded by state and federal contracts. The company has made plans to move from the private sector to the public sector in hopes to increase revenues and business by offering services to the private and residential construction industries. XYZ Construction, Inc. has 12 months to revamp and/or develop differentRead MoreA Marketing Flyer Plan For Xyz Construction, Inc.1606 Words   |  7 PagesA MARKETING FLYER PLAN FOR XYZ CONSTRUCTION, INC. Introduction XYZ Construction, Inc. is a privately owned company founded as a family business in the 1950s (SKS7000 Syllabus, 2012, p. 2). The company specializes in horizontal construction work, including roads, airfields and bridges. (SKS7000 Syllabus, 2012, p. 2). The owners have decided to transform the business from one of private ownership to public ownership and plans for its Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 12 months (SKS7000Read MoreConduct a Mkt Audit2765 Words   |  12 PagesPg.10 Marketing Environmental – Macro Pg.10 Marketing Environmental – Micro Pg.11 Marketing Strategy Audit Pg.11 Marketing Objectives Pg.11 Strategy Pg.11 Marketing Organisation Audit Pg.11 Formal Structure Pg.11 Functional Efficiency Pg.11 Interface Efficiency Pg.12 Marketing System Audit Pg.12 Marketing System Information Pg.12 Marketing Planning System Pg.12 Marketing ControlRead MoreEssay about Marketing Plan3352 Words   |  14 PagesMarketing Plan 1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Executive Summary The consortium of Memphis community theatres including Germantown Community Theatre, Theatre Memphis, Playhouse on the Square, Circuit, TheatreWorks, Harrell, and Arlington Arts Group provide immeasurable value in increasing cultural quality of life in the community. By working together with a strategic marketing plan they can increase the audiences from 60% to 75% of capacity, while building strong support for the years to come. Memphis corporateRead MoreRENT a Car Business plan Essay example1652 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Car Rental Business plan Excecutive Summary Company and Financing Summary Products and Services Overview Strategic Analysis with current research! Marketing Plan Personnel Plan 3 Year Advanced Financial Plan Expanded Financial Plan with Monthly Financials FREE 30 Page Sample Private Placement Memorandum FREE PowerPoint Presentation for Banks, Investors, or Grant Companies! 1.0 Executive Summary The purpose of this business plan is to raise $300,000 for the development of aRead MoreMarketing Plan For The Western Clinic868 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Plan Assignment Introduction After six months working as a marketing manager at â€Å"Western Clinic Care† doctor’s office, we found out extended hours of services were needed for the community we were serving. Marketing the new operating service hours is critical to keep our current patients satisfied while simultaneously generating new patient clientele. We will now operate within the hours of 8 am to 4:30 pm. The Western Clinic will meet the patients’ needs and a marketing plan of extendedRead MoreGreen Way Pest Control Management1371 Words   |  6 Pagesincome from the sale of exterminator products that can be used in the home and office. The third section of the business plan will further describe the services offered by Green-Way Pest Control. 1.2 The Financing Green-Way Pest Control is seeking to raise $200,000 from a bank loan. The interest rate and loan agreement are to be further discussed during negotiation. This business plan assumes that the business will receive a 10 year loan with a 9% fixed interest rate. 1.3 Mission Statement Green-WayRead MoreWorking With Pioneer Town Planners Pvt Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization’s working environment and how organization works and achieve their goals. This internship has given me the understanding of marketing strategies and also about the elements of strategic thinking, planning and implementation, and how these things are applied in real world organization environment. Following are the objectives of my report: - To know the Marketing policies of the organization. - To know how do they attract and retain customers - To know how do they create public awareness Read MoreCase Study Demographics are very important part in marketing a brand or tournament research.900 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Demographics are very important part in marketing a brand or tournament research. Demographics involve the study of populations, they represent the influence that these populations have on the market. Understanding and knowing the demographics of the sport of tennis in a particular region, will assist in shaping the marketing plan. Identifying relevant demographics can help James Green in marketing a plan to attract spectators and keep them coming back. Improving and sustaining the popularityRead MoreBusiness Plan Laundry2578 Words   |  11 PagesSTRATEGIC PLAN WINTER 2005 Mission Statement The mission of the Davidson College Laundry is to provide laundry services to students, college departments, and private individuals.   By doing so in a convenient, timely, personalized and financially responsible manner, the College Laundry enables students to spend more time in academic and extra-curricular pursuits and effectively supports departmental activity.   Services include the care and handling of personal clothing, bed linens, dry cleaning

The Food And Beverage Industry - 1698 Words

This case study deals with measuring the immeasurable in the food and beverage industry such as smell and taste. The problem was resolved using a Six Sigma DMAIC problem solving methodology. The basic equation of Six Sigma, Y = f(x), defines the relationship between a dependent variable ‘Y’ or the outcome of a process and a set of independent variables ‘x’ or possible causes which affect the outcome. The Company The food and beverage industry faces many problems when implementing improvement projects. This industry has a difficult time obtaining reliable data dealing with soft attribute such as taste, smell and texture. CTQs (Critical to Quality) are important to any company because they are parameters that relate to the wants and needs of the customer. This project deals with the Kano model, which is a method a company uses for deciding which attributes they want to include in their product. In the food and beverage industry the Kano model shows taste and smell is a must have attribute. The traditional method of measuring taste and smell are by human panels. However, this method is very time consuming, costly, and limited in the number of samples that can be tested. Other alternatives to human panels are E-noses and E-tongues. E-noses and E-tongues are measurement systems that can analyze taste and smell. They can smell and taste just like the human panel. Define Phase If a project team selects and focuses on the wrong CTQs, they will fail to understand the voiceShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Beverage Industry1400 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is over whether the Food and Beverage industry should be allowed to use their self-imposed regulations for food marketing and labeling or should the government be the ones to enforce policies. I believe the government should be the ones to regulate the food and beverage industry to give Americans the chose to make healthier decisions. America waistline is expanding and continues to expand, according to a study done and published by The Lancet(Khan, 2014). Which is one of the world’s best-knownRead MoreThe Food And Beverage Industry1410 Words   |  6 Pagesfavorite foods in early childhood and keep them throughout their life. The food and beverage industry has responded to America’s food passion. They have increased sugar in drinks and offer larger portions of food as well. The food and beve rage industry has also specialized in food that appeals to children alone. From the exciting music, vibrant colors, celebrity filled commercials and the prizes promised in every box of cereal, children have become one of the main targets of the food and beverage industryRead MoreThe Food And Beverages Industry1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe food and beverages industry is comprised of companies processing raw food materials, packaging, and distributing them. This covers fresh, prepared foods in addition to packaged foods, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. All products used for human consumption, with the exception of pharmaceuticals, come through this industry (n.d., Food and beverage: Introduction, 2016). The food and beverage industry has two major segments, which are production and distribution of edible goods. ProductionRead MoreCsr: Food and Beverage Industry12058 Words   |  49 Pagesbeneficial not only to the company but also to its stakeholders. Doing a CSR has many identifiable benefits from human capital, corporate identity, and products. However, the extent and nature of the benefits will vary depending upon the nature or industry of its enterprise (http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/indpub2565_chap1.pdf, n.d.). There a lot of business advantages why companies perform a CSR. According to Epstein-Reeves (2012), there are six reasons why companies should give importanceRead MoreFood And Non Alcoholic Beverages Industry Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesIndustry Background SIC and NAICS An industry as complex as the Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages industry must be coded by organizing smaller sub-categories when referencing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). These systems categorize industries using codes to aid in analytical research for Federal statistical agencies. (United States Census Bureau, 2012). A quick search using key words or the actual code will allow theRead MoreGlobal Industry Issues ( Food Beverage ) Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Industry issues (Food Beverage) Food and beverage industry is going through lots of changes and making its way to diversified categories. Since the beginning of twenty-first century, food and beverage industries have to face a lot of challenges which forcing this industry to change its strategy and operation. Before twenty- first century, food and beverage industry was all about advertising which was most of the time was just show off. But in this new era, consumers want more from food andRead MoreGlobal Scenario Of Food Beverage Industry Essay3528 Words   |  15 PagesGlobal Scenario of Food Beverage Industry The food beverage industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supply much of the food and food energy consumed by the world population. It’s a very popular business in the present world. There are many food beverage companies in the whole world, which are doing their business inside and outside of their countries such as Pepsi, Coca cola, Pizza hut, KFC, etc. If we look toward coca cola company we see, it is an American multinationalRead MoreSanitation and Hygiene in the Food and Beverage Industry3672 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Without a doubt, food is one of the better things in life. If people didn’t eat, they will go hungry. If they don’t eat for too long, they will die. If they don’t eat, they will miss out on all the great gastronomic experiences that life can bring them. From ages unknown, man has realized that to be healthy, they have to eat the right foods. According to The New book of Knowledge (S) by Grolier International (1981) on page 330, healthy individuals live longer, are stronger, faster andRead MoreCareers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industry Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesCareers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries Andre L. Conyers Professor Darrin Stern HTM 100 There are numerous opportunities for management careers within the lodging and food and beverages industry such as, the Front Office Manager, Hotel Manager, Food and Beverage Manager, and the General Manager. The Front Office Manager is responsible for overseeing all front office operations to insure profitability, control costs and quality standards ensuring total guest satisfaction. This positionRead MoreFood And Beverage Industry : Supply Chain Management1123 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: - Food and beverage industry today has become one of the most competitive industries in the world. Recognizing that supply chain management is a core strategy and achieving world class performance in this strategy by developing and managing supply chains that provide flexibility, response time and delivery performance that exceed the competition is a key to survival in the food and beverage industry. The largest production sectors of food industry are brewing, milling, baking, confectionery

Human Trafficking Is The Second Largest Form Of Organized...

Human Trafficking in Oklahoma Individuals all over the world are at risk of being abducted and sold into some form of human trafficking or forced prostitution. Worldwide, human trafficking is the second largest form of organized crime. This is especially true in Oklahoma. Interstate Highways Forty, Thirty-five, and Forty-four all three run through Oklahoma, stretching from coast to coast, and from Mexico to Canada. These highways make Oklahoma an ideal crossroads for human trafficking. Because of these highways, new cases of this epidemic emerge in Oklahoma every day. For example, in June of 2015, five residents of Oklahoma City were indicted by a federal grand jury for operating an escort service, providing underage females to men in exchange for money (Justice News). Everyone is at risk of becoming a victim of human trafficking, especially females. I am particularly concerned about this ever-increasing trend for the safety of my wife and other members of my family. There are steps, however, that we as Oklahoman s can take to protect ourselves, and those we care about to reduce this despicable crime. The first step we must take is to increase public awareness of the problem. Like so many other problems, people assume that such a tragedy could never happen to them. Second, Oklahoma State Legislature must increase the penalty upon conviction of human trafficking. Finally, Oklahoma Legislature must prohibit gentleman’s clubs statewide. The society we live in views females asShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is Considered Modern Day Slavery1217 Words   |  5 PagesHuman trafficking is defined as any type of work which people are forced to do against their will under the threat of some form of punishment and it is an affront to the most basic of human freedoms. In the Trafficking protocol (†¦.) human trafficking is defined as â€Å" the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of a person by such means as threats or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduct ion, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation†. Almost all slavery practicesRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking1287 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking Human trafficking is the modernized version of slavery that involves force, fraud, and/or a type of labor in a sexual act. The United States government defines it to be â€Å"In which a sex act is forced in which the person induced has not yet been attained eighteen years of age† (National Institute of Justice). Human trafficking is a threat to all nations and promotes breakdown of families and can support organized crime. Trafficking can occur everywhere. Human trafficking and humanRead MoreHuman Trafficking1315 Words   |  6 PagesOutline Topic: Human Trafficking General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Human Trafficking. What it is, where it is and who gets affected. Central Idea/Thesis: Human trafficking is overlooked but occurs on a more widespread basis then people believe. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: What if you were promised a better life with an advanced career, but instead were forced into prostitution? Many are unknowingly placed into this position by human traffickersRead MoreModern Day Slavery : The Second Largest Organized Crime Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking, also known as modern day slavery is one of the most profitable organized crimes in the world. As indicated by Farr (2005), human trafficking is the third largest organized crime industry. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes estimate that profits from human trafficking is $32 billion every year. From that figure a little over $15 billion is made in more economically developed countries. Some researchers agree, however, that human trafficking will soon be more profitableRead MoreIllicit Drug Trafficking : An Organized Crime1481 Words   |  6 Pagesillicit drug trafficking. It explores 10 online research articles and websites that relate to illicit drug trafficking. Th ese articles however, vary in their research about the topic. It begins by stating how illicit drug trafficking is considered an organized crime. Two of the main drugs that are trafficked are cocaine and heroin. As a result of drug trafficking, the war on drugs has been a problem for many decades in different countries. Introduction An organized crime group is definedRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Global Problem Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Human Trafficking is defined by Merriam – Websters dictionary , as the organized criminal activity in which human beings are treated as possessions to be controlled and exploited as by being forced into prostitution or involuntary labor . Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing trans national organized criminal activities generating an estimated $ 32 billion in annual revenue 2013 ( Wikipedia.)In the sex industry side of human trafficking a single girl can earnRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesWhen some people hear the expression â€Å"child sex trafficking† inevitably unspeakable thoughts come to mind, others are unaware this is even happening. Sex trafficking is a serious criminal issue taking place within the borders of the United States, but on the outside of these boarders this crime stands as a reliable source of income for those who participate. Although child sex trafficking is a local crime it is obvious that multiple nations have different viewpoints on the topic. The problem at handRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The Second Largest Organized Crime980 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is the second largest organized crime in the world (Attorney General s Office, and Heald, Oliver QC MP). For years, people have enlisted work to be completed by slaves. These slaves are sometimes children whose parents are unable to care for them due to poverty. The desire for slavery has evolved to trafficking. This result, can affect children of all ages, although most children are twelve years or older when they are identified (Setter). Children are often tricked, forcedRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Illegal Movement Of People1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic I would like to discuss in my term report is the topic of Human Trafficking. By definition; human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. The main reason I cho se this topic is because of a story I read recently about a woman named Nadia Murad, who was taken from her home in Iraq and sold to men as a sex slave. This topic is interesting because it is unfathomable to me not only that there is still a marketRead MoreHuman Sex Trafficking1919 Words   |  8 Pageseach day, every day, over and over again. The markup is immeasurable. This quote from the 2005 Lifetime film Human Trafficking, however chilling and horrifying, is true. Human trafficking is the commercial trade of human beings who are subjected to involuntary acts such as begging, sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude. Human trafficking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. No longer is this a term from the past, but a horrific reality in our present and, unfortunately

Progress or Collapse The Crises of Market Greed

Question: Describe about the Progress or Collapse: The Crises of Market Greed? Answer: Introduction: Founded in 1984, Virgin Atlantic has grown to become one of the largest airline companies in England (Virgin Atlantic 2013). The company currently operates as a joint venture with the Singapore Airline, which owns 49% stake. Even though the company was started to provide flights between London and Falkland Islands alone, the increased demand for the airline services forced the company to increase its travel destinations. Today, the airline provides air transport to different destinations around the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, America and Australia using a mixed fleet of Boeing and Airbus. Part One (1A) Objectives of Virgin Atlantic Airways (VAA) As one of the fastest growing airline companies in the world, the key objective of Virgin Airways is to become the most preferred airline of choice across the continent. In this regard, Virgin Atlantic has put his focus in providing an airline that is not only cheap, but also creates comfort to its clients. According to the CEO of the company, one of the main aims of the company is to provide its clients with quality services that they cannot get elsewhere (Virgin Atlantic 2013). These include good customer service, inexpensive charges for flights and good flight experience among other services that their clients might need. Like many other airline, Virgin Atlantic also aims to become a profitable airline. Even though the company has been reporting huge losses in the past few years, the company believes that it would soon start registering profits. In 2013 financial year, for instance, Virgin Atlantic reported a loss of 128.4 million. However, the company believes that by improving t he quality of service delivery as well as expanding its program coverage, the company will become the airline of choice to people across the globe. In return, this will make the company profitable. In addition, Virgin Atlantic aims to become an example to other airlines in the industry by setting standards for them to emulate. This includes flying airlines that are green and fuel efficient. So far, global warming is one of the major environmental issues affecting the world. Therefore, Virgin Atlantic aims to set an example by providing green airlines. In fact, the company is already in the process of going green. In 2006, the company announced it plans to invest 1.7 million the production of renewable energy. As earlier mentioned, the aim of making such a huge investment is to lower level of carbon emissions that cause global warming effect currently felt in different parts of the world. The purposes and objectives of Virgin Atlantic are different from those of the British Red Cross. Formed in 1870 the purpose of the British Red Cross is to provide humanitarian assistance in disaster stricken areas in the U.K (Laking 2011, p. 3). This is a direct contrast the purpose of Virgin of providing air transport services to different destinations around the world. Britain, as other parts of the world is prone to disasters. Therefore, in the event that disaster strikes in the UK, such as a fire break out, the British Red Cross normally comes in to provide evacuation assistance. In addition, it ensures that people injured during a disaster receive first aid treatment and rushed to the hospital. Further, British Red Cross also provides food assistance to the hungry in the UK In this regard, it becomes apparent that the purposes of the two organizations contrast with one another. Secondly, whereas Virgin Atlantic aims at making huge profits, British Red Cross main aim is to ensure that people receive humanitarian assistance free of charge (Laking 2011, p. 3). As a non-profit making organization, British Red Cross does not provide services with the aim of profit as Virgin Atlantic does. This is attributable to the fact that British Red Cross gets funded through donors and well wishers. However, both Virgin Atlantic and the British Red Cross aim to ensure that their clients receive quality services. As earlier mentioned, Virgin Atlantic is working tirelessly towards ensuring that traveling using its airline services receive lucrative travel experience. British Red Cross, on the other hand, also aims to ensure that British nationals affected by a disaster receive quality care (Laking 2011, p. 6). These include faster response to disasters and other areas of in need of emergency services. AC 1.2 Responsibilities of VAA towards its key stakeholders: Stakeholder Objectives of Stakeholder Strategies to obtain this Customers Customers expects the company to provide them with quality and affordable flight services and good customer experience provide customers with lucrative air travel at an affordable cost the company offers exceptional customer experience charges is cheaper compared to other airlines in the industry Employees/Staffs Their objective is to attain adequate management support and empowerment to work independently Management motivates and empowers employees to participate in the decision-making process Adequate employee benefits Investors Their objective is to ensure that a company protects their investments (Moscaritolo 2014, p. 5). fulfils contractual obligation of protecting the investment that shareholders have put in the company determined to turnaround the company by posting huge profits in the future AC 1.3 Organizational Responsibilities: Responsibility Why it is a responsibility? Strategies obtained Equal Opportunity It states that every individual is equal and that the company has equal responsibility to each of the stakeholders Effective law and policies to impart equal opportunity to every stakeholder Social contribution The society expects Virgin Atlantic to act ethically and under corporate social responsibility initiatives to protect the environment. The company is undertaking a number of corporate social responsibility initiatives aimed at improving the lives of people in society. As part of corporate social responsibility, Virgin Atlantic is actively involved in environmental conservation initiatives aimed to make society a better place to live. The company also announced its plan to invest $400 million to build the largest bioethernal refineries in the world. In 2006, the company announced a plan to invest 1.7 billion on renewable energy (Moscaritolo 2014, p. 5) Customer preferences Customers satisfaction is the greatest essence for any business organization Customers decide profitability or loss of an organization Cost-effective services Excellent customer services Beneficial offers Health safety It is the foremost objective and responsibility because it ensures safety aspects of every individual AC 2.2 Impact of fiscal monetary policies upon VAA The recent financial crisis of 2007/2008 did have a ripple effect on the US economy. In fact, economists claim that the UK is still suffering from the effects of the recent global financial meltdown that affected almost all sectors of the economy in the UK The manufacturing industries in the UK were among the worst hit sectors of the economy that registered a decline of 7% between 2008 and 2013. Unemployment rates also increased to 8.1% in 2011 (Moulds and Inman 2013, p. 6). The airline industry was among the worst hit industries. According to Steve Ridgway, the CEO of Virgin Atlantic Airways, no single airline is immune from recession. He made this statement in reference to the fact that Virgin Atlantic, like other airlines, such as the British Airways suffered from recession. For instance, Virgin Atlantic was forced to downsize due to the recession by laying off about 600 workers in order to cut down cost. The recession also affected Virgin Atlantic Airways in that had to cut the pay of some of its employees to reduce cost. In addition, the company shareholders were also severely affected by the drop in the share prices. In fact, the CEO of the company Steve Ridgway reveals that shareholders received very little dividends on their investments because of the recession that affected the airline industry. The most surprising thing, however, is that the UK government failed to offer any assistance to the airline industry during the recession. These fiscal and monetary initiatives have had a huge impact on Virgin Atlantic operations. For instance, the qualitative easing policy initiative have encourage consumer spending in this country. This impacted positively Virgin Atlantic Airways by making money available to passengers to spend on air transport. The increased number of passengers on VAA has increased the revenue of the company. As a matter of fact, VAA experienced a decline in the number of UK passengers using the company airline services during the recession due to lack of money. However, the company has been experiencing an increase in the number of passengers since the BOE introduced the QE monetary policy. The monetary and fiscal policies initiated by BOE have also improved economic growth, as well as reducing inflation rates in the country. Most airline companies, including VAA experienced a rise in the cost of service delivery due to the increase in the cost of fuels during recession. In fact, VAA has attributed the losses it has made in the recent past partly to the rising cost of fuel. However, the situation has changed significantly in the company since the UK government initiated the fiscal and monetary policies. According to Whish (2008, p. 56), the fiscal and monetary initiatives have contained inflation, which has resulted in a reduction in fuel prices in the country. The reduction in fuel prices has been a reprieve to VAA since this has significantly reduced the cost it incurs in buying fuel, which has also translated to a reduction in the cost of operations. AC 2.3 Impact of UK/EU competition regulatory policies on VAA Fiscal and monetary initiatives have had a huge impact on Virgin Atlantic operations. For instance, the qualitative easing policy initiative have encourage consumer spending in this country. This impacted positively Virgin Atlantic Airways by making money available to passengers to spend on air transport. TheCompetition Act 1998, Enterprise Act 2002 and Article 101/102 of the EU legislations are the most important statuteslegislations. These laws prohibit agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between business entities. The Enterprise act 2002 as well as article 85 or 86 of the EU legislation were actually enacted for promoting free competition as well as preventing development of monopolies. Thus, the UK/EU competition as well as regulatory policies would benefit VAA performances as the policies usually create an environment whereby free competition is permitted. For instance, lack of the policy might create an environment that promotes monopoly, which would be disadvantageous to VAA. Therefore, the UK/EU competition as well as regulatory policies would create an environment to favor all market players within the airline industry in Europe. AC 3.2 Forces of demand and supply upon pricing decisions sales of VAA Pricing and sales decisions of any company operating in a competitive market are depended on the forces of demand and supply. VAA is one of the airline companies that operate in a very competitive environment. This implies that, in order for the company to gain competitive advantage, it must consider the forces of supply and demand in the industry (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). Some of the airline companies that VAA competes with include the British Airways, Ryan Air and Easy Jet just to name but a few. Therefore, in making pricing decisions, VAA must consider the supply factor. According to the law of supply, an increase in price in the market results in an increase in the quantity supplied, ceteris paribus. Therefore, in making a pricing decision, VAA will have to consider the supply element. As such, before fixing a price for its airline tickets, VAA will have to consider the number of airlines in the industry. This is attributable to the fact that charging high prices f or tickets in a market with many airlines will make VAA lose the passengers using its airline services to its rival firms, such as British airways, Easy Jet and Ryan Air among other airline companies. Therefore, it would be prudent for VAA to set ticket prices competitively after taking the supply of airline into consideration. This implies that, VAA will have to set ticket prices not too high or too low in comparison to other firms' ticket prices in the airline industry. At the same time, VAA must consider the demand factor in the market before setting prices for air tickets and other services. According to the law of demand, the higher the price, the lower the demand while the lower the price the higher the demand. This implies that it would be prudent for VAA to charge higher prices for its airline tickets when the demand for its airline services is high. This is because the high demand will mean few airline tickets (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). As such, the many passengers who wish to fly on VAA airline will be scrambling for the few available tickets making it easy for VAA to charge highly for the tickets. However, when demand for its airline declines, VAA will have to lower its ticket prices in order to attract more passengers to travel on its airline. Therefore, taking into consideration the forces of demand and supply will certainly be very crucial in making pricing and sales decisions. Impact of business environment on behavior of VAA: The way the business environment affects the behavior of VAA can be evaluated using PEST analysis tool. PEST is an acronym that stands for political, environmental, social and technological factors that affect a firm. Politically, VAA operates in an environment full of government interventions. For instance, the company's operations are affected with the taxes imposed by different countries on landing and packing (Moscaritolo 2014, p. 5). At the same time, some countries where the VAA operates are facing political instabilities. These among other factors impact negatively on the company's operations. Regarding economic environment, the operations of VAA have been impacted negatively in the past by increases in the cost of fuels, recession, high insurance and security costs, as well as increased rate of unemployment. These factors are partly responsible for the declined profitability of the company in the recent past. Regarding social environment, the operations of VAA are affected by the cultural aspects, career attitudes, as well as seasonal offers. Since the socio-cultural influences value from one place to another, VAA constantly evaluates the customer attitudes in different parts of the world before beginning to fly its airplanes these regions. Technology is another factor that affects VAA's strategic planning initiatives. Therefore, to keep up with the technological advancement, VAA has implemented the internet for distribution and cost synergy. In addition, the company also offers online ticketing services, as well as e-marketing. In addition, most operations of the company have been computerized to increase efficiency in service delivery. Cultural factors: Culture is a major factor that affects the airline industry. Virgin Atlantic is one of the airlines that have been confronted with cultural influences. For instance, the company has always found it had penetrating into some Asian countries due to cultural influences, such as religion and the fact that it is a British company (Moscaritolo 2014, p. 5). At the same time, the company is sometimes forced to abide by the cultures adopted in certain countries in order to get landing license. Impact of international trade: Virgin Atlantic Airways has been greatly benefiting from the aspect of international trade. Being a firm that offers the service of air transport to various destinations across the globe, the company is likely to benefit from varied approaches of international trade as it would give it the opportunity to explore innovative markets to bring about growth as well as profitability (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). Presently there exist some potential markets to bring about expansion of the company operations. Hence, international trade would definitely make it possible for the company to enhance its own market share within new markets where it has yet not ventured. The company would even benefit from various approaches of international trade by means of brand awareness as well as networking. There are several people who have not heard about the company. Nevertheless, international trade is said to offer the company some explicit opportunities to create its brand awareness. Besides , international trade would lead to enhancement of imports as well as exports amidst nations by providing VAA with a business opportunity. Impact of Global Factors: Multinational companies, such as VAA are normally confronted with another of factors, including political, economical, sociological, technological, legal and environmental factors. Political: VAA is hugely affected by the taxes levied in different countries where it operates for landing and fuel. Economical: Globally, the interest rate fluctuation normally affects the company's pricing decisions. At the same time, the global prices of oil also affect the VAA's profitability as was evident during the recent recession that caused global increase in prices of oil. Social: The operations of VAA are also affected largely by social factors. For instance, the company is required by law to abide by certain safety measures both on the ground and on board (Moscaritolo 2014, p. 5). At the same time, the increase in population, as well as ageing populations also affect the activities of the airline. For instance, an increase in baby boomers implies that there are many people with disposable income, which increases the company's profitability. Technological: Research shows that as the technological advancements experienced in the recent past has impacted hugely on the activities of VAA. For instance, the company has had to computerize its operations to increase efficiency. Currently, VAA offers online ticketing services with the help of technology. At the same time, the company engages in e-marketing for its products and services. Today, the company uses various social media platforms to create brand awareness and engage with its customers. This has helped improve the relationship between the VAA and its customers. Legal: Some of the legal aspects within various nations are said to affect the company operations. The firm has revealed that nations maintain strict laws thereby making the operation difficult. For instance, some nations put restrictions upon landing time that impacts negatively upon the operations of airlines within such nations. Environment: The aspect of global warming is considered to be a key environmental issue that affects the world today. Thus, airlines companies must reduce the level of fuel emissions for mitigating the global warming issue. In compliance with the legal law, the company is in the process of implementing a raft of initiatives, involving investments within renewable sources of energy for reducing the level of emissions from its airplanes (Moscaritolo 2014, 5). However, this is associated with a cost since the airline is forced to spend huge amounts of money upon the project. Impact of the European Union Policies on VAA: A reduction within international border of trade as well as agreement would certainly benefit the company greatly. It is due to the fact that such type of barriers would usually make the trade amidst countries quite difficult. Thus opening up trade amidst nations would mean that the company would get more and more customers willing to travel by airlines, thereby resulting in enhanced sales as well as profit. The harmonization of technical as well as safety standards abided on varied products (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). Therefore, harmonising the standards will make the work of VAA easy. Exercise duties and fiscal barriers normally make the operation of VAA difficult. This is because the company has to comply with one after the other. Therefore, closer harmonization of excise duties and VAT will make the work of VAA easier, as well as increase faster compliance. Economic systems (LO2.1) Generally speaking, economists recognize three fundamental economic systems that determine what goods to produce, how it is produced and to whom the goods or services in question are produced. The three economic systems include free market, command and mixed market economies. The three types of economic systems differ from each other with regard to the manner in which economic decisions are made. Free Market Economy: A free market economy is one of the most common types of economic systems in operation in many countries across the globe. In this type of economy, key economic decisions are made by individuals themselves (De Vogli 2013, p. 6). This implies that there is no government control over the economic decision that an individual makes. As such, in a free market economy, consumers are free to purchase the goods of their choice without interference from the government or other external forces. Similarly, in a free market economy, corporations are free to make their own economic decisions. In this regard, firms are free to produce goods of their choice without interference or being told by the government. This implies that firms are allowed in a free market economy to produce goods and services, which they believe will attract a large number of consumers. This implies that if a firm chooses a wrong product to produce, it may be forced out of business due to lack of customers to buy the product s. However, if a firm chose the right product or service to produce in such a market, it sells well and makes profits. A free market economy is also characterized with high competition. In fact, economists believe that a free market economy is perfectly competitive due to the existence of many autonomous buyers and sellers. The competitiveness in a free market economy is also exuberated by the fact that there is free entry and exit of firms. This is attributable to the fact that such a market has no barriers to entry and exit of any firm (De Vogli 2013, p. 6). Therefore, firms are forced to compete fiercely for the consumers available in the market while consumers also compete among themselves for the products and services on offer. A free market economy is also recognized by the pricing mechanism. Since the market is perfectly competitive, prices in the market are mainly dictated by the forces of demand and supply. This implies that no single firm has the power to control the prices in the market. As such, it is normally known as a price mechanism market. A majority of major economies in the world, including the United States, Germany and Japan is all free market economies. Command Market: Command or planned economy is also another economic system mainly adopted by emerging economies (Shapiro 2007, p. 26). As the name implies, within a command economic system, it is assessed that the government is said to control the three economic decisions, including what to produce, how to produce and whom to produce the goods and services. As such, unlike in a free market economy, whereby a company is usually free for producing goods as well as services, command economy does not allow it to occur. Instead, the government is said to dictate the firms what they must produce, irrespective of whether the goods will be sold or not. This is attributable to the fact that the government owns all the country's factors of production. Shapiro (2007, p. 27) noted that the only factor of production where the government has no total control in a command economic system is the labor. However, the government has some degree of control over workers. Within a planned economy, no free enterprise exis ts as is the case within free market economies. In fact, in a planned economy, the government, consumers and employees all work for a common good rather than for self interest as evident in communist countries, such as in the former Soviet Union. Unlike in a free market economies where competition is high, there is very little or no competition in a planned economy. As a result, there is no price mechanism in a command economy. This implies that, unlike in a free market economy, where forces of demands and supply determine the prices of goods and services, price mechanism does not exist in a planned economy. As such, prices of goods and services are set by authorities. Some of the practical command economies in the world include China and South Korea. Mixed Economies: As suggested by the name, a mixed economy refers to an economic system whereby the extremes of both the free market as well as command economies exist. As a mixed economy combines the characteristics of both the economies, the theory fails to answer the economic questions of what to produce, how to produce and whom to produce. This is due to the fact that mixed economy is a complement of both the economies. Hence within a mixed economy, some factors of production are owned by the national government whereas some are owned privately. This denotes the absence of absolute ownership of factors of production by either individuals or individuals. Within the economic system, self-interest is partially a motivational factor of the economy. It denotes that consumers can freely maximize their welfare just like within a free market economy (Shapiro 2007, p. 31). However, the government is also said to play a significant role to fulfill good objective. As referred to competition, the private sector of mixed economy may be quite competitive. The government Control reduces the competition to a great extent. Also within a mixed economy, the mechanism of pricing operates within the private sector. But, the efficiency of price mechanism is based upon the degree of market competition. In the United Kingdom, the government is said to normally provide programs like that of education as well as NHS quite fr ee at the point of use. Also, the government at times imposes some charges for providing services, such as lunch. Effectiveness of allocation of resources: Depending upon the way the economic systems would allocate resources, it would become apparent that a free market economy is said to allocate resources more effectively than the mixed economies. As stated previously, within a free market economy firms are quite free to produce goods of choice without interruption from government (Shapiro 2007, p. 36). In addition, resources are privately owned by individuals. This refers to an efficient manner of allocating resources as compared to mixed resources. The fact that individuals have the power of allocating resources on an individual basis is effective since an individual either buys or sell goods, which one wants. This is not usual within command economy whereby the government is said to control the manner of resources allocation. Furthermore, the fact that in a command economy the government has absolute control of how resources are allocated, this is susceptible to abuse (Whish 2008, p. 52). This is because authorities might favour som e areas resulting in unequal distribution of resources. The same applies to a mixed economic system, which does not allocate resources effectively due to government control over some sectors of the economy. Therefore, it's certain that a free market allocate resources more effectively than the other two economies. Determination of prices output decisions in a perfect competitive market: Basically, firms operate in different types of markets that dictate how prices and outputs decisions are made. The different markets include a perfectly competitive market, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. In this regard, the pricing and output decisions are made in accordance with the nature of the market. Pricing output decisions in a perfectly competitive market: Generally the pricing as well as output decisions are based upon the way a market is deemed competitive. This is applicable to a perfectly competitive market, whereby the pricing as well as output decision taken in accordance with the market attributes. A perfectly competitive market refers to the type of market where several buyers as well as sellers exist (De Vogli 2013, p. 13). Within this type of market, the products sold are quite identical in nature, thus form many substitutes. Also no barriers to entry and exist of firms exist within the market. Thus due to the competitive nature of the market, the prices at which goods are usually sold are well determined by the market forces of supply as well as demand. This is said to imply that sellers or firms possess no control over prices of goods as well as services within the market. For instance, in a perfectly competitive market, no single company can dictate the prices of products as well as services due to the existence of several sellers who offer substitute products (Whish 2008, p. 56). This implies that, if one firm decides to increase the prices of goods, consumers would simply move to other sellers who supply the same goods at a low price. This makes firms that increase their prices to lose their market share. Gasoline market is a classical example of a perfectly competitive market where the pricing and output decisions are determined by the forces of demand and supply. This implies that, a single firm in a gasoline market has very little control over the prices to charge. As such, as long as the station is busy getting customers, there is no reason for such a gasoline station to lower prices. However, if the gasoline station increases its gasoline prices by say 5 cents a gallon, this will result in the gasoline station losing its customers to other gasoline stations selling gasoline at a cheaper price than the station. The pricing and output decisions in a pure monopoly are quite different with that in a perfectly competitive market. To begin with, a pure monopolistic market is one where there is only a single producer of product or services, but with many consumers. As a result, there is no competition in a pure monopoly (De Vogli 2013, p. 19). This implies that the monopoly produces the goods at its own pleasure. At the same time, the goods supplied by a monopoly have no close substitute. Unlike in a perfectly competitive market where there is free entry and exit, in a purely monopolistic market, entry is blocked and the monopoly focuses mainly on the maximization of profits. Since only one firm exists in the market, prices of goods and services are not determined by the forces of demand and supply. Instead, the monopoly has absolute control over the prices in the market due to lack of substitutes for the product or service in the market. At the same time, monopolist has no ability to sell as much as it desires at the prevailing market price. Rather, if a monopolist intends to sell a large quantity of goods, it must lower prices. Shapiro (2007, p. 70) attributed this to the fact that for a monopolist has a downward-slopping as the firm sells to the entire market. In addition, for a monopolist who wants to maximise profits, then firm must continue producing the good as long as the marginal cost is less than marginal revenue. Public utilities are a good example of pure monopolies. A monopolistic competition refers to a market structure with relatively a large number of firms producing products which are similar but not identical (De Vogli 2013, p. 22). This type of market is almost similar to a perfectly competitive market in the sense that there are many firms in the industry with each producer selling a small part of the goods supplied in the market. Like in a perfectly competitive market, there is free entry and exit of firms in a monopolistic competition. In addition, buyers in a monopolistic competition market are believed to have perfect information regarding the prices of goods and services in the market. Generally, a monopolistically competitive firm is a price maker (Shapiro 2007, p. 76). This is attributable to the fact that, even though there are many small firms in the market, the products dealt with are not identical. However, the pricing decisions of such firms are made depending on the short or long-run prevailing conditions. In this regard, in the short run, a monopolistic completion is similar to a perfect monopoly. However, the firm is only able to maximise its profits where marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost. However, at the point where average total cost equals the price, a monopolistically competitive firm will only earn normal profit. This is different will the long-run where a monopolistically competitive firm does not earn economic profit, rather earns just a normal profit. As profits in the short-run attract new firms in the industry, this increases competition resulting in increase in average cost. Oligopoly by definition refers to a market structure dominated by few firms (Shapiro 2007, p. 81). This may result from collusion between firms in order to minimise competition so as to increase prices charged to consumers. Since there are few firms in the industry, the action of one firm is normally followed by other firms in the industry. The media industry, such as television firms is a classical example of an oligopoly. In the UK, for instance, any move made by BBC News broadcast station influences the decisions made by other firms. Regarding pricing decisions, an oligopoly is a price maker. This implies that any firm in the market is able to determine a price. This is particularly so with regards to the most dominant firm or price leader. In this regard, in the event that one firm reduces fees charged for a given service, other firms are likely to follow a similar move in order to remain relevant. Failure to lower price as does the price leader makes a firm lose market share sin ce consumers will shift to the firm charging low fees for the product or service (Shapiro 2007, p. 91). However, a firm operating in an oligopolistic market usually finds it difficult increasing its prices. This is because any increase in price means that consumers have alternative firms to turn to for services or products. In most case, only the dominant firm sets prices, which other firms in the industry are forced to follow. References De Vogli, R 2013, Progress or collapse: The crises of market greed. Routledge, London, UK. Johnson, G.,Scholes, K., Whittington, R 2010, Exploring Corporate Strategy, viewed 13 Feb. 2014 www.bbc.co.uk/news/business. Laking, A. T 2011, Elementary manual of First Aid - British Red Cross Society. Read Books Design, Manchester, UK. Moscaritolo, A 2014, Virgin Atlantic testing Google Glass to make flying sexy again. PC News, 11 February, p. 5. Moulds, J., Inman, P 2013, UK economy should avoid triple-dip recession, OECD forecasts. The Guardian, 28 March, p. 7. Shapiro, M. M 2007, Foundations of the market price system. Ludwig von Mises Institute, London, UK. Virgin Atlantic 2013, World-first low carbon aviation fuel to be developed for Virgin Atlantic, viewed 13 Feb. 2014 https://www.virgin.com/travel/world-first-low-carbon-aviation-fuel-be-developed-virgin-atlantic. Whish, R 2008, Competition law (6th Edn). Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

Big Data A Roadmap to Trust

Question: Explore "Trust in Big Data". Answer: 1. Introduction The current world incorporates the cheaper communication and storage on the digital zone. The advancement of the new sensor technologies or online social networks has been the main reason of the explosion of huge amount of data (Kaisler et al., 2013). The term, which has emerged, for catching the phenomenon is known as Big Data. The application of the Big Data analytics or privacy and security encompass the various fields of technologies including the medicine, healthcare, business, finance, law, transportation, education, and telecommunication. 1.1 Background The use of Big Data has been very sensitive in nature, which is very much dependent on the personal data of the constantly changing technological environment. There has been evading of the new aspects of the data privacy and data protection that are currently governed by a number of complex regulations that are constantly changing. At present, the approaches to privacy have been different in the different sectors depending on the industries (Adelola, Dawson and Batmaz 2015). As a result, the exploitation of the private information is exposed to the risk to the businesses. 1.2 Aims The project aims at providing a proposal related to the Big Data for assessing the trust and computation that the world is perception upon the Big Data system. The research proposal aims at elaborating the various challenges to create trust on the Big Data. 1.3 Significance of the research There has been evidence of the new aspects of the data privacy and data protection that are currently governed by a number of complex regulations that are constantly changing. They proposal would enable the researcher to illustrate on the implications of the Big Data such that to allow the confidence of the customers against the Big Data system to grow and prosper in the long run. 1.4 Problem statement The huge diversity and amount of the data sources and information helps in providing a lot of new opportunities and at the same time poses various challenges for online trust (Yaqoob et al. 2016). The questioning about the trust has always been there since the era when Big Data came into existence. The consumers are, thus, required to be convinced that their private and confidential information are adequately protected and are being accessed in a fairly manner. This implication would help in generating trust and confidence in the individuals relating to the Big Data. 1.5 Research questions The research quotations related to the research proposal of the related topic can be: How can Big Data be useful for assessing the trust? How can the Big Data can be communicated transparently? Can Big Data lead to better results? How can trust be increased on the result information? How can we measure trust in Big Data? How can the trustworthiness of the Big Data analytics be ensured? 1.6 Hypothesis The hypothesis relates to the research topic can be given by the following: The Big Data system does not provide useful outcome to gain trust The trust related to the Big Data cannot be measured The application of the Big Data fails to gain the trustworthiness of the customers 2. Literature Review Big Data Big Data has been around since a few years and the applications of which have been extended to various fields of technology. According to Katal, Wazid and Goudar (2013), the most self-evident characteristics of the Big Data has been its dimension of the volume of data. Moreover, the Big Data has describes as the phenomenon which utilizes the dimensions of the velocity and variety. Franks (2012) believes that taming of the Big Data would be helping the industries not only to master the massive quantities of information but would also help in tackling the multitude and variety of heterogeneous types of data. According to Raghupathi and Raghupathi (2014), Big Data can be defined as the innovative form of data processing system that incorporates the high volume, high variety and high velocity information assets that demand highly enhanced decision making methodology. Notion of trust The term Trust has been extensively the word for extensive research in the various fields as there is still no satisfactory response that could define the same. However, Chen, Rau and Kolz (2013) defined the trust as the specific level of probability which helps an individual to identify the performance of the capacity of a particular action such that to be able to monitor the same. Ruohomaa and Kutvonen (2013), postulate that there are two basic models of trust viz., policy based trust and reputation based trust. The policy-based trust is based on the evidence exchange of the credentials. On the other hand, the reputation-based trust is an estimation of the trustworthiness. This reputation-based trust related to the Big Data relies on the reviewing, referrals and ratings from the community members who are accustomed with the Big Data. 2.1 Review Techniques The literature review discusses about the various concerts related to the Big Data and the trust being perceived by the individuals related to the research topic. The review should be dealing in illustrating the definitions and focal issues of the terms related to the Big Data system and the trust such that to find a co-relation between them. The review should be evaluating the entire ideas and concepts related to the research topic and formulate a research framework such that to illustrate on the core idea of the research study. This reviewing technique would be helpful for the researcher to structure the problem domain and present the current research direction and interdependencies as well. 2.2 Limitations The literature review lacks the implementation of any specific model that could illustrate the Big Data and the trust related to the system .Moreover, the review is also unable to relate the Big Data system with the trustworthiness in the individuals related to the same. Thus, the literature should be incorporating relevant models that could further illustrate the relation between the Big Data and trust. 2.3 Focus The focus of the research study would be: To find the significance of the Big Data in the industries To found the reaction between the Big Data and trust To establish data driven approach for the trust management based on reputation To define the focal issues for serving as the future research directions 3. Research design 3.1 Conceptual framework Trust in Big Data Trust and reputation systems have a huge opportunity as the number, viloloci8ty, and variety if data has been increasing on a daily basis. The process relates to the reputation system comprises of the two important steps viz., (i) Collection and preparation and (ii) storage and communication related to the Big Data applications (Snger and Pernul 2014). Input Output Big Data Applications Collection and Preparation Storage and Communication Trust relation Trust or Trustee (i) Collection and preparation: In the current digital world, vast number of reputation data is being created every day pawing to the expansion in the number of web applications including the e-Commerce platform and networking communities online (Snger and Pernul 2014). The reputation system incorporates the inclusion of both the implicit and explicit information. The trust information can be created for the rating of the trustee as for example on ecommerce websites like eBay. On the other hand, the implicit trust information care derived from the potential data sources, which are interoperable in the reputation system. (ii) Storage and communication: The scores as provided by the customers can evaluate the reputation. These reputation scores would be helping in offering the information for supporting the users in understanding the values of the scores (Snger and Pernul 2014). These scores would also helping in accomplishing the transparency in the Big Data analytics. 3.2 Addressing the research questions How can Big Data be useful for assessing the trust? Rationale: This question would help in clarifying the usefulness of the Big Data in managing huge amount of information. This attribute would be helping in signifying the trustworthiness or data quality of the sources as well. How can the computational process can be communicated transparently? Rationale: This question would enable the researcher to acquire some useful information related to the illustration of appropriate techniques for making the outcome of the Big Data management to be transparent. Can Big Data lead to better results? Rationale: This question would help the researcher to focus on the realistic approach to the research topic. The question would also help in gaining the knowledge related to the data quantity and data quant. How can trust be increased on the result data? Rationale: The question would help in addressing the privacy preserving method and techniques. This concept of the privacy preserving techniques would enable in infusing the trust in the individuals related to the Big Data. How can we measure trust in Big Data? Rationale: The question would enable the researcher to quantify the trustworthiness of the data items and the data sources such that to develop a system for the accurate measurement of to the trustworthiness of Big Data for measuring the same. How can the trustworthiness of the Big Data analytics be ensured? Rationale: These questions would enable the researcher to provide accurate directions to research process for solutions including the accountability and befits of the Big Data system. 3.3 Expected outcomes The Big Data has been the most talked about topic that is a very significant research area in the field of innovation and technology as relevant to both the business and the individuals. The search process would enable the illustration of the trust that the individuals perceive in respective of the Big Data. The research process incorporates the research questions that would help the researcher to acquire some useful information related to the Big Data. The research study would help in evaluating the trust in the Big Data, which is a prerequisite for the assessment of the trust. 4. Proposed project plan Time-line Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 1 Project plan of research proposal on Big Data and Trust 48 days Tue 5/24/16 Thu 7/28/16 1.1 Finding up of topic 2 days Tue 5/24/16 Wed 5/25/16 1.1.1 Conducting research on background information on the topic 1 day Tue 5/24/16 Tue 5/24/16 1.1.2 Strengthening initial proposal 1 day Wed 5/25/16 Wed 5/25/16 3 1.2 Defining the Project 3 days Thu 5/26/16 Mon 5/30/16 4 1.2.1 Identifying the sensitivity of Big Data in the industries 1 day Thu 5/26/16 Thu 5/26/16 4 1.2.2 Assessing the trust and computation from the perceptions of the individuals 1 day Fri 5/27/16 Fri 5/27/16 6 1.2.3 Setting the objectives of conducting the research 1 day Mon 5/30/16 Mon 5/30/16 7 1.3 Defining the Project Objective 3 days Tue 5/31/16 Thu 6/2/16 8 1.3.1 Identifying the effectiveness of Big Data 1 day Tue 5/31/16 Tue 5/31/16 8 1.3.2 Evaluating its effects in the market 1 day Wed 6/1/16 Wed 6/1/16 10 1.3.3 Identifying the Innovative technologies 1 day Thu 6/2/16 Thu 6/2/16 11 1.4 Setting up of Research Questionnaires 3 days Fri 6/3/16 Tue 6/7/16 12 1.4.1 Effectiveness of the Big Data in evaluating trust 1 day Fri 6/3/16 Fri 6/3/16 12 1.4.2 Identification of trustworthiness of the Big Data 1 day Mon 6/6/16 Mon 6/6/16 14 1.4.3 Innovated technologies to be implemented for successful operations 1 day Tue 6/7/16 Tue 6/7/16 15 1.5 Identifying the Problem Statements 4 days Wed 6/8/16 Mon 6/13/16 16 1.5.1 Identifying the issues in the industries related to Big Data management 1 day Wed 6/8/16 Wed 6/8/16 16 1.5.2 Identifying various challenges for online trust 1 day Thu 6/9/16 Thu 6/9/16 18 1.5.3 Issues related while the expansion of business 1 day Fri 6/10/16 Fri 6/10/16 19 1.5.4 Evaluation of the survey to evaluate the level of protection of the private data of the customers 1 day Mon 6/13/16 Mon 6/13/16 20 1.6 literature review 4 days Tue 6/14/16 Fri 6/17/16 21 1.6.1 Conducting research on the available journals 1 day Tue 6/14/16 Tue 6/14/16 21 1.6.2 Setting the appropriate theories and models for discussing 1 day Wed 6/15/16 Wed 6/15/16 23 1.6.3 Preparing different views in literature 1 day Thu 6/16/16 Thu 6/16/16 24 1.6.4 Summarizing the reviews 1 day Fri 6/17/16 Fri 6/17/16 25 1.7 Identifying the importance of Big Data 7 days Mon 6/20/16 Tue 6/28/16 26 1.7.1 Factors affecting Business achievements in Global market 1 wk Mon 6/20/16 Fri 6/24/16 26 1.7.2 Innovation effects on the evolution of companies 1 day Mon 6/27/16 Mon 6/27/16 28 1.7.3 Role of Bog data analytics in the industries 1 day Tue 6/28/16 Tue 6/28/16 29 1.8 Setting up of Research Hypothesis 2 days Wed 6/29/16 Thu 6/30/16 30 1.8.1 Assessing the trust and computation that the world is perception on the Big Data 1 day Wed 6/29/16 Wed 6/29/16 30 1.8.2 Elaborating the various challenges to create trust on the Big Data 1 day Thu 6/30/16 Thu 6/30/16 32 1.9 Research methodologies 20 days Thu 6/30/16 Thu 7/28/16 33 1.9.1 Describing the methodologies to be applied in this research 1 day Fri 7/1/16 Fri 7/1/16 33 1.9.2 Tools and techniques of the research selected 1 day Mon 7/4/16 Mon 7/4/16 35 1.9.3 procedure of research is prepared 1 day Tue 7/5/16 Tue 7/5/16 36 1.9.4 Selection of data collection method 1 day Wed 7/6/16 Wed 7/6/16 37 1.9.5 Selection of analysis method 1 day Thu 7/7/16 Thu 7/7/16 38 1.9.6 Survey 2 days Fri 7/8/16 Mon 7/11/16 39 1.9.6.1 Conducting a pilot research through historical information 1 day Fri 7/8/16 Fri 7/8/16 39 1.9.6.2 tentative outcome of the research analyzed 1 day Mon 7/11/16 Mon 7/11/16 41 1.9.7 Implementation 1 mon Fri 7/1/16 Thu 7/28/16 1.9.8 Literature Review due 0 days Thu 6/30/16 Thu 6/30/16 26 1.9.9 Data Collection and Analysis Report due 0 days Mon 7/11/16 Mon 7/11/16 42 1.9.10 Final Business Research Thesis due 0 days Thu 7/28/16 Thu 7/28/16 43 References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. 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